リスニング練習
This is probably difficult, so I’ll give you some information to help with comprehension before you try reading the transcript. It’s no use listening to something you can’t make heads or tails of. “Comprehensible input” is important. Like, you won’t learn Chinese from listening to the radio if you don’t understand the meaning of most or any of the sounds their mouths are making.
Notice you can adjust the playback speed. I hope I’m not mansplainin’ that. Click the three dots on the right. You probably already know that.
Summary: Understanding Japan’s Rainy Season Terminology
Overview
Participants: Main speaker and interviewer (Nameless robots!)
Primary Focus: Clarifying differences between “梅雨” (tsuyu), “梅雨入り” (tsuyu-iri), and “入梅” (nyūbai) in Japanese weather contexts.
Key Topics Discussed
- Definition and origin of “梅雨” (rainy season)
- Distinction between “梅雨入り” (actual rainy season onset) and “入梅” (calendar-based marker)
- Practical and cultural significance of these terms
Main Arguments and Findings
- 梅雨 (tsuyu): Refers to Japan’s annual rainy season (typically June-July), named for coinciding with ume (plum) ripening. The Japan Meteorological Agency defines it as a period of prolonged rain/clouds.
- 梅雨入り (tsuyu-iri): Declared regionally by the Japan Meteorological Agency based on actual weather patterns. Dates vary yearly (e.g., May 27 in 2011 vs. June 22 in 2007 for Kantō region).
- 入梅 (nyūbai): A fixed calendar date (~June 10-11) calculated by the National Astronomical Observatory using solar position. Historically guided farming; unaffected by actual weather.
Technical Concepts Explained
- Japan Meteorological Agency: Government body monitoring real-time weather to declare seasonal transitions.
- National Astronomical Observatory: Institution determining traditional seasonal markers via celestial calculations, independent of current conditions.
Synthesis and Analysis
The terms reflect dual approaches to defining seasons:
- 梅雨入り represents modern meteorology’s responsive, data-driven method.
- 入梅 preserves historical reliance on astronomical patterns for agricultural planning.
Both coexist, offering practical utility (梅雨入り for daily preparedness) and cultural insight (入梅 for understanding tradition).
Practical Applications
- Monitor 梅雨入り announcements for weather preparedness (e.g., carrying umbrellas).
- Use 入梅 to explore Japan’s historical relationship with nature and timekeeping.
Conclusion
梅雨 is the rainy season; 梅雨入り marks its variable real-world onset; 入梅 is a fixed traditional marker. Understanding both terms enriches practical Japanese language use and cultural appreciation of how societies interpret natural phenomena.
Transcript
Back to Japanese. Let’s make it fun: Can you spot the transcription mistakes? It’s a good way to learn homonyms, and not to fall asleep while they drone on for six minutes.
Is this too long for you or OK? Six minutes is a lot.
00:00:00.001 –> 00:00:05.000
こんにちは。今日の深堀×Meaning:
A 'deep dive' or in-depth analysis of a topic.
Grammar:
- A compound noun made of 深 (fuka, 'deep') and 堀 (hori, 'digging' or 'moat').
- Often used with the verb する (suru) to mean 'to do a deep dive'.
Usage: Used in both casual and business contexts to mean exploring a subject thoroughly, beyond the surface level.
Examples:
今日の会議では、この問題について深堀りしましょう。
In today's meeting, let's do a deep dive on this issue.
彼のレポートは市場の動向をよく深堀りしている。
His report analyzes the market trends in great depth.
Register/Formality: Neutral. Can be used in both formal and informal speech.へようこそ。
00:00:05.000 –> 00:00:13.000
今回はですね、日本語を勉強中のあなたが「あれ?」って思うかもしれない言葉ありますよね。
00:00:13.000 –> 00:00:17.000
「梅雨」、それから「梅雨入り」、そして「乳配」。
00:00:17.000 –> 00:00:23.000
日本の天気の話で、本当によく聞きますけど、これどう違うんでしょうか。
00:00:23.000 –> 00:00:29.000
手元の資料×Meaning:
Materials or documents at hand.
Grammar:
- 手元 (temoto): Noun meaning 'at hand' or 'nearby'.
- の (no): Possessive particle.
- 資料 (shiryō): Noun meaning 'materials', 'data', or 'documents'.
Usage: Refers to the documents, notes, or data that one has physically or digitally available for immediate reference.
Examples:
手元の資料によれば、売り上げは増加しています。
According to the documents I have here, sales are increasing.
すみません、今、手元に詳しい資料がありません。
Sorry, I don't have the detailed materials with me right now.
Register/Formality: Neutral. Common in both business and academic settings.をもとに、これらの意味とか背景×Meaning:
Background; context.
Grammar:
- A noun that can refer to a physical background (like in a photo) or a conceptual one (like the history or context of an event).
Usage: In this context, it refers to the cultural and historical background of the words being discussed.
Examples:
この事件の背景を説明してください。
Please explain the background of this incident.
彼女の決定には複雑な家庭の背景があった。
There was a complex family background to her decision.
Register/Formality: Neutral. Used in a wide range of contexts.とかを、今日はすっきりさせていきましょう×Meaning:
Let's clear things up; let's make things clear.
Grammar:
- すっきり (sukkiri): An adverb meaning 'refreshed', 'neatly', or 'clearly'.
- させる (saseru): The causative form of する (suru), meaning 'to make (someone) do' or 'to let (someone) do'. Here it means 'to make (it) clear'.
- ていく (te iku): A grammatical pattern indicating a change that will continue into the future.
- ましょう (mashō): A volitional form used to mean 'let's...'.
Usage: A friendly and encouraging way to suggest clarifying a confusing topic or organizing something messy.
Examples:
部屋をすっきりさせていきましょう。
Let's get this room cleaned up and organized.
この問題の要点をすっきりさせていきましょう。
Let's clarify the main points of this problem.
Register/Formality: Polite, encouraging tone.。
00:00:29.000 –> 00:00:33.000
目標×Meaning:
Goal; objective; target.
Grammar:
- A noun. It is often used with particles like を (o) to mark it as the object of an action (e.g., 目標を達成する - to achieve a goal).
Usage: Refers to a specific aim or target that one is trying to achieve. It's a very common word in business, education, and personal development.
Examples:
今月の目標は、新しい顧客を10人獲得することです。
This month's goal is to acquire 10 new customers.
私の人生の目標は世界中を旅することです。
My life goal is to travel around the world.
Register/Formality: Neutral. Used in both formal and informal contexts.は、この3つの言葉の違いをしっかり掴む×Meaning:
To grasp firmly; to understand well.
Grammar:
- しっかり (shikkari): Adverb meaning 'firmly', 'solidly', or 'thoroughly'.
- 掴む (tsukamu): Verb meaning 'to grab', 'to seize', or 'to grasp'. When used for concepts, it means 'to understand'.
Usage: A common expression for gaining a solid, not just superficial, understanding of a topic or concept.
Examples:
この文法のポイントをしっかり掴んでください。
Please get a firm grasp of this grammar point.
彼は話の要点をしっかり掴んだ。
He fully understood the main point of the story.
Register/Formality: Neutral.ことです。
00:00:33.000 –> 00:00:35.000
早速×Meaning:
Immediately; right away; without delay.
Grammar:
- An adverb that is usually placed at the beginning of a sentence.
Usage: Used to indicate that an action will be taken promptly. It's slightly more formal than すぐに (sugu ni) but is very common in everyday conversation.
Examples:
早速ですが、始めましょう。
It's a bit sudden, but let's begin.
新しいレストランができたので、早速行ってみた。
A new restaurant opened, so I went to check it out right away.
Register/Formality: Neutral. Can be used in both formal and informal situations.見ていきましょうか。
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まずは、基本の×Meaning:
Basic; fundamental.
Grammar:
- 基本 (kihon): A noun meaning 'base' or 'foundation'.
- の (no): The possessive particle, turning the noun 'kihon' into an adjective-like modifier ('basic').
Usage: Used to modify a noun to describe it as fundamental, standard, or the most important, simple version of something.
Examples:
これは日本語の基本の文法です。
This is basic Japanese grammar.
料理を学ぶなら、まず基本の切り方から始めましょう。
If you're learning to cook, let's start with the basic cutting techniques.
Register/Formality: Neutral.「梅雨」から。
00:00:39.000 –> 00:00:43.000
日本にいると、この時期は本当に雨が多いですよね。
00:00:43.000 –> 00:00:48.000
漢字に「梅」が入っているのが、なんかちょっと面白い×Meaning:
Interesting; amusing; funny.
Grammar:
- An i-adjective. It can describe something that is intellectually stimulating (interesting) or something that makes you laugh (funny).
Usage: In this context, it means 'interesting' or 'curious', referring to the fact that the kanji for 'plum' (梅) is used in the word for 'rainy season' (梅雨).
Examples:
この本はとても面白いです。
This book is very interesting.
彼の冗談はいつも面白い。
His jokes are always funny.
Register/Formality: Neutral. Very common in all situations.なって思ってたんです。
00:00:48.000 –> 00:00:54.000
そうですね。「梅雨」ですね。これは季節の名前ということになります。
00:00:54.000 –> 00:01:03.000
だいたい毎年、6月から7月頃にかけて×Meaning:
From around June to July.
Grammar:
- 6月 (rokugatsu): June
- から (kara): Particle meaning 'from'.
- 7月 (shichigatsu): July
- 頃 (goro): Suffix meaning 'around' or 'approximately' (used with time).
- にかけて (ni kakete): A grammar pattern indicating a range from a start point to an end point (time or place).
Usage: This phrase is used to specify an approximate period of time spanning two points.
Examples:
このセールは週末から来週にかけて行われます。
This sale will run from the weekend through next week.
昨夜から今朝にかけて大雨が降った。
It rained heavily from last night to this morning.
Register/Formality: Neutral.、雨とか曇り×Meaning:
Cloudy weather.
Grammar:
- A noun derived from the verb 曇る (kumoru), which means 'to become cloudy'.
Usage: Refers to the state of the sky when it is covered with clouds.
Examples:
明日の天気は曇りです。
Tomorrow's weather will be cloudy.
今日は曇りなので、あまり暑くないですね。
It's cloudy today, so it's not too hot.
Register/Formality: Neutral.の日が多くなる時期。これを指します×Meaning:
To point to; to indicate; to refer to.
Grammar:
- The -masu form of the verb 指す (sasu).
- The particle を (o) is used to mark the thing being referred to.
Usage: While its literal meaning is to physically point at something with a finger, it is very commonly used to mean 'to refer to' or 'to mean' in explanations.
Examples:
この言葉は何を指しますか。
What does this word refer to?
地図の赤い点は現在地を指します。
The red dot on the map indicates your current location.
Register/Formality: Polite (-masu form).ね。
00:01:03.000 –> 00:01:17.000
気象庁×Meaning:
Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).
Grammar:
- A proper noun. It is the name of the Japanese government agency responsible for weather forecasting and seismology.
Usage: Frequently mentioned in news reports about weather, earthquakes, and typhoons.
Examples:
気象庁が台風の接近を発表しました。
The Japan Meteorological Agency announced the approach of a typhoon.
今日の天気予報は気象庁のウェブサイトで見ました。
I saw today's weather forecast on the JMA's website.
Register/Formality: Formal (it's an official organization name).、日本の天気を専門に扱っている国の機関×Meaning:
A national agency that specializes in handling (something).
Grammar:
- 専門に (senmon ni): Adverbial form of 'specialty', meaning 'as a specialty' or 'specializing in'.
- 扱っている (atsukatteiru): The -te iru form of 扱う (atsukau), meaning 'to handle', 'to deal with'.
- 国の機関 (kuni no kikan): 'National agency' or 'government body'.
Usage: This is a descriptive phrase used to explain the function of an organization.
Examples:
ここは法律問題を専門に扱っている事務所です。
This is an office that specializes in handling legal issues.
彼は古代史を専門に研究している学者です。
He is a scholar who specializes in researching ancient history.
Register/Formality: Neutral to formal descriptive phrase.ですけど、そこでは、春の終わりから夏にかけて、雨や曇りの日が多くなる現象×Meaning:
Phenomenon.
Grammar:
- A noun referring to an observable event or fact.
Usage: A common word in scientific, academic, and formal contexts to describe natural or social occurrences.
Examples:
オーロラは美しい自然現象です。
The aurora is a beautiful natural phenomenon.
その社会現象について研究者が論文を書いた。
A researcher wrote a paper on that social phenomenon.
Register/Formality: Neutral to formal.、またはその期間と、そういうふうに説明しています×Meaning:
It is explained in that way.
Grammar:
- そういうふうに (sō iu fū ni): 'In that manner', 'like that'.
- 説明しています (setsumei shiteimasu): The polite, continuous form (-te imasu) of 説明する (setsumei suru), 'to explain'.
Usage: A common way to report how something is defined or described by a particular source.
Examples:
説明書にはそういうふうに書いてあります。
It is written that way in the instruction manual.
先生は文法をそういうふうに説明していました。
The teacher was explaining the grammar in that way.
Register/Formality: Polite.ね。
00:01:17.000 –> 00:01:20.000
うーん、現象×Meaning:
Phenomenon.
Grammar:
- A noun referring to an observable event or fact.
Usage: A common word in scientific, academic, and formal contexts to describe natural or social occurrences.
Examples:
オーロラは美しい自然現象です。
The aurora is a beautiful natural phenomenon.
その社会現象について研究者が論文を書いた。
A researcher wrote a paper on that social phenomenon.
Register/Formality: Neutral to formal.または期間×Meaning:
Period; duration.
Grammar:
- A noun that refers to a length of time.
Usage: Used to specify a span of time, from short to long.
Examples:
テスト期間は来週です。
The testing period is next week.
彼は短い期間だけ日本に滞在した。
He stayed in Japan for only a short period.
Register/Formality: Neutral.。
00:01:20.000 –> 00:01:29.000
それで、梅の字ですけど、資料×Meaning:
Documents; materials; data.
Grammar:
- A noun. This is a general term for reference materials.
Usage: Can refer to anything from handouts in a meeting to research data or source materials for a report.
Examples:
会議の資料をメールで送ります。
I will send the meeting materials by email.
このグラフは古い資料に基づいています。
This graph is based on old data.
Register/Formality: Neutral.を見ると、ちょうど梅の実×Meaning:
Plum fruit.
Grammar:
- 梅 (ume): Noun for 'Japanese plum' or 'apricot'.
- の (no): Possessive particle.
- 実 (mi): Noun for 'fruit' or 'nut'.
Usage: Refers specifically to the fruit of the ume tree, which is famously used to make pickled plums (umeboshi) and plum liqueur (umeshu).
Examples:
庭の梅の木にたくさんの実がなっています。
The plum tree in the garden has a lot of fruit on it.
梅の実が熟すのは6月頃です。
Plum fruits ripen around June.
Register/Formality: Neutral.が見得る頃×Meaning:
(Note: This is likely a non-standard reading or typo for 実る頃 'minoru koro', meaning 'the time when (fruits) ripen'.)
The phrase refers to the season when Japanese plums (ume) become ripe.
Grammar:
- 実る (minoru): A verb meaning 'to bear fruit' or 'to ripen'.
- 頃 (koro): A noun suffix meaning 'around the time of'.
- Structure: (Noun) + が + 実る頃
Usage: Used to describe the specific time of year when a certain fruit or crop is ready for harvest.
Examples:
りんごが実る頃、私たちは毎年長野へ行きます。
Around the time the apples ripen, we go to Nagano every year.
稲が実る頃の田んぼは金色に輝いて美しい。
The rice paddies are beautifully golden when the rice ripens.
Register/Formality: Neutral. Common in descriptions of seasons and nature.の雨だからという説が有力みたい×Meaning:
It seems the theory is strong/prominent.
Grammar:
- 説 (setsu): Noun meaning 'theory' or 'opinion'.
- が (ga): Subject marker particle.
- 有力 (yūryoku): A na-adjective meaning 'powerful', 'strong', or 'influential'.
- みたい (mitai): A colloquial suffix meaning 'seems like' or 'looks like'.
Usage: A common way to express that a particular explanation or theory is widely accepted or considered the most likely one.
Examples:
犯人は別にいるという説が有力みたいです。
It seems the theory that there is another culprit is the most prominent one.
これが病気の原因だという説が有力だ。
The theory that this is the cause of the illness is strong.
Register/Formality: Colloquial (due to みたい). A more formal equivalent is 有力です (yūryoku desu).ですね。
00:01:29.000 –> 00:01:31.000
へー、梅の実ですか?
00:01:31.000 –> 00:01:35.000
そうなんです。梅干し×Meaning:
Pickled plums.
Grammar:
- A compound noun from 梅 (ume, 'plum') and 干し (hoshi, 'dried').
Usage: A very common, traditional Japanese pickled food. They are known for being very sour and salty. Often eaten with rice.
Examples:
お弁当におにぎりと梅干しを入れました。
I put rice balls and a pickled plum in the bento box.
梅干しは酸っぱいですが、夏バテに良いと言われています。
Umeboshi are sour, but they are said to be good for summer fatigue.
Register/Formality: Neutral.とか梅酒×Meaning:
Plum liqueur (often translated as 'plum wine').
Grammar:
- A compound noun from 梅 (ume, 'plum') and 酒 (shu, 'alcohol').
Usage: A popular Japanese alcoholic beverage made by steeping green plums in liquor and sugar. It has a sweet and sour taste.
Examples:
家で梅酒を作りました。
I made umeshu at home.
食前酒として梅酒をロックで飲みます。
I drink umeshu on the rocks as an aperitif.
Register/Formality: Neutral.とかを作る、そういう時期ですね。
00:01:35.000 –> 00:01:40.000
なるほど。食べ物と季節が繋がっている×Meaning:
Is connected.
Grammar:
- The -te iru form of the verb 繋がる (tsunagaru), which means 'to be connected' or 'to be linked'. This form indicates a continuous state.
Usage: Used to describe a link or relationship between two or more things, whether physical, logical, or abstract.
Examples:
この道は駅に繋がっています。
This road is connected to the station.
彼の話は事件に繋がっているかもしれない。
His story might be connected to the case.
Register/Formality: Neutral.んですね。面白い。
00:01:40.000 –> 00:01:48.000
では、特にちょっとややこしい×Meaning:
Complicated; confusing; troublesome.
Grammar:
- An i-adjective.
Usage: Describes a situation, problem, or explanation that is complex and not straightforward. It has a nuance of being slightly annoying or difficult to deal with.
Examples:
この手続きはとてもややこしいです。
This procedure is very complicated.
彼らの人間関係はややこしい。
Their personal relationships are complicated.
Register/Formality: Neutral. Common in everyday speech.かなと思うのが、梅雨入りと、乳配×Meaning:
(Note: This is likely a typo for 入梅 'nyūbai', which means 'the start of the rainy season' on the traditional calendar.)
入梅 (nyūbai) refers to the calendrical, not meteorological, start of the rainy season in Japan.
Grammar:
- 入梅 (nyūbai) is a noun composed of 入 (nyū, 'enter') and 梅 (bai, 'plum' - a character also used in 'tsuyu', the rainy season).
- The text '乳配' (nyūhai) literally means 'milk delivery' and does not fit the context.
Usage: 入梅 (nyūbai) is used when referring to the traditional, fixed date for the start of the rainy season, determined by the sun's position. This is different from 梅雨入り (tsuyuiri), which is the meteorological announcement.
Examples:
暦の上では、明日が入梅です。
According to the calendar, tomorrow is the start of the rainy season (nyūbai).
昔の農家は入梅を目安に田植えの準備をしました。
Old farmers used to prepare for rice planting using nyūbai as a guide.
Register/Formality: Neutral. A somewhat technical or traditional term.。この2つ、これはどう違うんでしょう?
00:01:48.000 –> 00:01:57.000
はい。ここが今日のポイントですね。まず梅雨入り。これは、その年の梅雨が実際に×Meaning:
Actually; in reality; really.
Grammar:
- An adverb. It is often followed by the particle に (ni) when modifying a verb.
Usage: Used to emphasize that something is true, real, or actually happened, as opposed to being theoretical, planned, or imagined.
Examples:
彼は実際にその場所へ行きました。
He actually went to that place.
計画は良く見えましたが、実際にやってみると難しかったです。
The plan looked good, but it was difficult when I actually tried it.
Register/Formality: Neutral.始まることを指します×Meaning:
To point to; to indicate; to refer to.
Grammar:
- The -masu form of the verb 指す (sasu).
- The particle を (o) is used to mark the thing being referred to.
Usage: While its literal meaning is to physically point at something with a finger, it is very commonly used to mean 'to refer to' or 'to mean' in explanations.
Examples:
この言葉は何を指しますか。
What does this word refer to?
地図の赤い点は現在地を指します。
The red dot on the map indicates your current location.
Register/Formality: Polite (-masu form).。
00:01:57.000 –> 00:01:58.000
実際にですか?
00:01:58.000 –> 00:02:03.000
ええ、そうです。これを発表するのは、先ほど×Meaning:
A little while ago; just now.
Grammar:
- An adverb of time.
Usage: Refers to a time in the recent past, typically from a few minutes to about an hour ago. It is more formal than さっき (sakki).
Examples:
先ほどお電話いたしましたが、ご不在でした。
I called a little while ago, but you were out.
彼がここに着いたのは先ほどです。
He arrived here just a moment ago.
Register/Formality: Formal/Polite.も出ましたけど、気象庁×Meaning:
Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).
Grammar:
- A proper noun. It is the name of the Japanese government agency responsible for weather forecasting and seismology.
Usage: Frequently mentioned in news reports about weather, earthquakes, and typhoons.
Examples:
気象庁が台風の接近を発表しました。
The Japan Meteorological Agency announced the approach of a typhoon.
今日の天気予報は気象庁のウェブサイトで見ました。
I saw today's weather forecast on the JMA's website.
Register/Formality: Formal (it's an official organization name).なんですね。
00:02:03.000 –> 00:02:25.000
気象庁。大切なのは、その年の実際の天気とか、これからどうなるかっていう予報×Meaning:
Forecast; prediction.
Grammar:
- A noun, often used with する (suru) to form the verb 予報する (yohō suru), 'to forecast'.
Usage: Most commonly used for weather forecasts (天気予報 - tenki yohō), but can also be used for other predictions like economic forecasts.
Examples:
天気予報によると、午後は雨が降るそうです。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain in the afternoon.
専門家が来年の経済を予報した。
Experts forecasted next year's economy.
Register/Formality: Neutral.を見て、そろそろ梅雨が始まったなと判断される点です。だから発表は地域ごと、場所によって違いますし、毎年日付×Meaning:
Date (of the month).
Grammar:
- A noun.
Usage: Used to refer to the specific day of the month, like 'June 10th'. It is different from 曜日 (yōbi), which means 'day of the week'.
Examples:
今日の日付は9月30日です。
Today's date is September 30th.
書類に日付を書いてください。
Please write the date on the document.
Register/Formality: Neutral.もかなり変わる×Meaning:
Changes considerably; varies a lot.
Grammar:
- かなり (kanari): Adverb meaning 'considerably', 'quite', or 'fairly'.
- 変わる (kawaru): Verb meaning 'to change'.
Usage: This phrase emphasizes that the degree of change is large or significant.
Examples:
彼の意見は日によってかなり変わる。
His opinion changes considerably depending on the day.
昔と比べて、この街はかなり変わった。
Compared to the past, this town has changed a lot.
Register/Formality: Neutral.んです。
00:02:25.000 –> 00:02:26.000
なるほど。
00:02:26.000 –> 00:02:36.000
資料にある関東地方×Meaning:
The Kanto region.
Grammar:
- A proper noun. 関東 (Kantō) is the name of the region, and 地方 (chihō) means 'region' or 'district'.
Usage: Refers to the geographical area on the main island of Honshu that includes Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Gunma, Tochigi, and Ibaraki prefectures.
Examples:
関東地方は明日、晴れるでしょう。
The Kanto region will likely be sunny tomorrow.
私は関東地方の出身です。
I am from the Kanto region.
Register/Formality: Neutral.の例ですと、2007年は6月22日ごろ。でも、2011年だと5月27日ごろだったり。
00:02:36.000 –> 00:02:39.000
えっと、1か月近くも違うことがあるんですか?
00:02:39.000 –> 00:02:43.000
そうなんですよ。年によって、それくらい差が出る×Meaning:
A difference appears; there is a difference.
Grammar:
- 差 (sa): Noun meaning 'difference' or 'gap'.
- が (ga): Subject marking particle.
- 出る (deru): Verb meaning 'to come out' or 'to appear'.
Usage: A common way to say that a variation or discrepancy exists between things.
Examples:
二人の意見には大きな差が出た。
A big difference emerged in their opinions.
テストの点数で、彼と10点の差が出た。
There was a 10-point difference between his test score and mine.
Register/Formality: Neutral.ことがありますね。
00:02:43.000 –> 00:02:51.000
ああ、そういうことなんですね。だからニュースなんかで、今年は梅雨入りが早いですねとか、遅いですねとか言うわけですね。
00:02:51.000 –> 00:02:53.000
まさにその通りです×Meaning:
That's exactly right; Precisely.
Grammar:
- まさに (masa ni): An adverb emphasizing that something is 'exactly' or 'precisely' the case.
- その通り (sono tōri): A set phrase meaning 'that way' or 'just like that'.
- です (desu): Polite copula.
Usage: A strong and polite way to agree completely with what someone has just said.
Examples:
A: ということは、私たちが間違っていたんですね？ (So, that means we were wrong, right?)
B: まさにその通りです。 (That's exactly right.)
彼が言ったことは、まさにその通りだった。
What he said was exactly correct.
Register/Formality: Polite and slightly formal.。
00:02:53.000 –> 00:03:00.000
毎年変わるし、地域によっても違うと。なるほど。では、入梅、入梅の方はどうですか?
00:03:00.000 –> 00:03:09.000
入梅も、字の通り×Meaning:
Literally; as the character(s) suggest.
Grammar:
- 字 (ji): Noun meaning 'character' or 'letter'.
- の (no): Possessive particle.
- 通り (tōri): Noun meaning 'street' or 'way'. When used after another noun with 'no', it means 'in accordance with' or 'just as'.
Usage: Used to point out that the literal meaning of the word(s) reflects its actual meaning.
Examples:
その名の通り、この公園は花でいっぱいです。
As its name suggests, this park is full of flowers.
字の通り、「火山」は火の山という意味です。
Literally, 'kazan' (volcano) means 'fire mountain'.
Register/Formality: Neutral.梅雨に入るって意味合い×Meaning:
Meaning; nuance; implication.
Grammar:
- A noun. It is often used to discuss the subtle meaning or feeling of a word, as opposed to just its dictionary definition.
Usage: Used when you want to talk about the connotation or the 'feel' of a word or expression.
Examples:
この言葉には、少し否定的な意味合いが含まれています。
This word contains a slightly negative nuance.
彼の言葉の本当の意味合いが分からなかった。
I didn't understand the real implication of his words.
Register/Formality: Neutral.はあるんですが、これは気象庁が決める梅雨入りとは全く別物×Meaning:
A completely different thing.
Grammar:
- 全く (mattaku): Adverb meaning 'completely' or 'entirely'.
- 別物 (betsumono): Compound noun from 別 (betsu, 'different') and 物 (mono, 'thing').
Usage: A strong expression used to emphasize that two things, which might seem similar, are in fact fundamentally different and should not be confused.
Examples:
アニメと現実は全く別物だ。
Anime and reality are two completely different things.
見た目は似ていますが、味は全く別物ですよ。
They look similar, but the taste is completely different.
Register/Formality: Neutral.なんです。
00:03:09.000 –> 00:03:11.000
えっと、別物なんですか?
00:03:11.000 –> 00:03:18.000
ええ。入梅の日というのは、国立天文台×Meaning:
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ).
Grammar:
- A proper noun. 国立 (kokuritsu) means 'national', and 天文台 (tenmondai) means 'astronomical observatory'.
Usage: Refers to the main astronomical research institute in Japan. It is responsible for, among other things, maintaining the official calendar and time.
Examples:
国立天文台は、日本の暦を計算しています。
The NAOJ calculates Japan's calendar.
子供の頃、国立天文台を見学したことがあります。
I have visited the NAOJ on a tour as a child.
Register/Formality: Formal (it's an official organization name).、星とか宇宙×Meaning:
Space; the universe.
Grammar:
- A noun.
Usage: Refers to outer space, the cosmos.
Examples:
宇宙飛行士は宇宙へ行きます。
Astronauts go to space.
宇宙の起源について多くの説がある。
There are many theories about the origin of the universe.
Register/Formality: Neutral.を研究している機関×Meaning:
An institution that researches (something).
Grammar:
- 研究している (kenkyū shiteiru): The -te iru form of 研究する (kenkyū suru), 'to research'.
- 機関 (kikan): Noun meaning 'institution', 'organization', or 'agency'.
Usage: A descriptive phrase for an organization focused on research.
Examples:
この大学には、がんを研究している機関があります。
This university has an institution that researches cancer.
彼は政府の研究している機関で働いています。
He works for a government research institution.
Register/Formality: Neutral to formal.ですね。
00:03:18.000 –> 00:03:20.000
はいはい、国立天文台×Meaning:
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ).
Grammar:
- A proper noun. 国立 (kokuritsu) means 'national', and 天文台 (tenmondai) means 'astronomical observatory'.
Usage: Refers to the main astronomical research institute in Japan. It is responsible for, among other things, maintaining the official calendar and time.
Examples:
国立天文台は、日本の暦を計算しています。
The NAOJ calculates Japan's calendar.
子供の頃、国立天文台を見学したことがあります。
I have visited the NAOJ on a tour as a child.
Register/Formality: Formal (it's an official organization name).。
00:03:20.000 –> 00:03:25.000
そこが、太陽×Meaning:
The sun.
Grammar:
- A noun.
Usage: Refers to the star at the center of our solar system.
Examples:
太陽が東から昇る。
The sun rises from the east.
今日は太陽が強くて暑い。
The sun is strong and it's hot today.
Register/Formality: Neutral.の動き、まあ、位置関係×Meaning:
Positional relationship.
Grammar:
- A compound noun from 位置 (ichi, 'position') and 関係 (kankei, 'relationship').
Usage: Refers to the spatial or geometric relationship between two or more objects.
Examples:
地球と太陽の位置関係は季節によって変わります。
The positional relationship between the Earth and the Sun changes with the seasons.
家具の位置関係を変えて、部屋の雰囲気を変えた。
I changed the atmosphere of the room by changing the positional relationship of the furniture.
Register/Formality: Neutral to formal.から計算して決める×Meaning:
To decide by calculating.
Grammar:
- 計算して (keisan shite): The -te form of 計算する (keisan suru), 'to calculate'. Used to connect actions.
- 決める (kimeru): Verb meaning 'to decide'.
Usage: Describes a process where a decision is made based on the result of a calculation, rather than observation or opinion.
Examples:
ルートは地図を見て計算して決めます。
I'll look at the map, calculate, and then decide the route.
予算は去年のデータを計算して決めました。
The budget was decided by calculating last year's data.
Register/Formality: Neutral.んです。
00:03:25.000 –> 00:03:32.000
ですから、日付は毎年ほとんど同じ。だいたい6月10日か11日頃×Meaning:
Around; about (the time).
Grammar:
- A suffix attached to points in time (e.g., 3時頃 - san-ji goro, 'around 3 o'clock') or durations (e.g., １時間頃 - ichi-jikan goro, 'about an hour').
Usage: Indicates that the time mentioned is an approximation. Spelled ごろ but pronounced 'goro' due to rendaku (sequential voicing).
Examples:
午後8時頃に会いましょう。
Let's meet around 8 PM.
彼は1週間頃、旅行に行きます。
He will go on a trip for about a week.
Register/Formality: Neutral.。
00:03:32.000 –> 00:03:33.000
へえ。
00:03:33.000 –> 00:03:40.000
地域による違いもありません。これは昔ながらの暦×Meaning:
Old-fashioned calendar; traditional calendar.
Grammar:
- 昔ながら (mukashi nagara): A set phrase meaning 'traditional', 'old-fashioned', 'since long ago'.
- の (no): Possessive particle.
- 暦 (koyomi): Noun meaning 'calendar'.
Usage: Refers to traditional calendrical systems, like the lunisolar calendar, which includes seasonal markers like 'nyūbai'.
Examples:
私の祖母は今でも昔ながらの暦を使っています。
My grandmother still uses a traditional calendar.
昔ながらの暦には、季節を感じさせる言葉がたくさんあります。
The traditional calendar has many words that make you feel the seasons.
Register/Formality: Neutral.、カレンダーの上での季節の目安みたいなもの×Meaning:
Something like...; a kind of...
Grammar:
- みたい (mitai): A colloquial suffix that indicates similarity or resemblance. It functions like a na-adjective.
- な (na): Particle used to connect 'mitai' to a noun.
- もの (mono): Noun meaning 'thing'.
Usage: A casual way to say that something is 'like' or 'a sort of' something else. It softens the comparison.
Examples:
これはおもちゃみたいなものです。
This is something like a toy.
彼にとっては、仕事は遊びみたいなものだ。
For him, work is like a kind of game.
Register/Formality: Colloquial/Informal.ですね。
00:03:40.000 –> 00:03:42.000
暦の上の目安×Meaning:
A guide on the calendar; a marker on the calendar.
Grammar:
- 暦の上で (koyomi no ue de): 'On the calendar'. This is a set phrase.
- の (no): Possessive particle.
- 目安 (meyasu): Noun meaning 'guide', 'standard', or 'rough indication'.
Usage: Refers to a date or event on a calendar that serves as a guideline for seasonal activities or other purposes.
Examples:
冬至は、昼が一番短くなる日として暦の上の目安になります。
The winter solstice serves as a marker on the calendar for the day with the shortest daylight.
この祭りは、暦の上の春の目安です。
This festival is a calendar guide for spring.
Register/Formality: Neutral.。
00:03:42.000 –> 00:03:53.000
そうです。昔は今みたいに詳しい天気予報×Meaning:
Detailed weather forecast.
Grammar:
- 詳しい (kuwashii): I-adjective meaning 'detailed'.
- 天気予報 (tenki yohō): Compound noun for 'weather forecast'.
Usage: Refers to a modern, scientific weather forecast that provides specific information about temperature, precipitation, etc., as opposed to a general seasonal guideline.
Examples:
毎朝、詳しい天気予報をチェックします。
I check the detailed weather forecast every morning.
詳しい天気予報のおかげで、旅行の計画が立てやすい。
Thanks to detailed weather forecasts, it's easy to plan trips.
Register/Formality: Neutral.がなかったですから、農作業×Meaning:
Farm work; agricultural work.
Grammar:
- A compound noun from 農 (nō, 'agriculture') and 作業 (sagyō, 'work' or 'operation').
Usage: A general term for all tasks related to farming, such as planting, cultivating, and harvesting.
Examples:
春は農作業が忙しい季節です。
Spring is a busy season for farm work.
彼は農作業を手伝うために田舎へ帰った。
He returned to the countryside to help with the farm work.
Register/Formality: Neutral.の時期×Meaning:
Time; period; season.
Grammar:
- A noun. It can refer to a specific time, a broader period, or a season.
Usage: In this context, it refers to the right season or timing for agricultural work.
Examples:
今は柿が美味しい時期です。
Now is the season when persimmons are delicious.
旅行に行くのに一番良い時期はいつですか。
When is the best time to go on a trip?
Register/Formality: Neutral.を知るためとかに、こういう太陽の位置×Meaning:
The sun's position.
Grammar:
- 太陽 (taiyō): Noun for 'sun'.
- の (no): Possessive particle.
- 位置 (ichi): Noun for 'position' or 'location'.
Usage: Refers to the location of the sun in the sky, which is used in astronomy to define seasons and dates in traditional calendars.
Examples:
昔の人は太陽の位置で時間を知りました。
People in the past knew the time by the sun's position.
太陽の位置は季節によって変わる。
The position of the sun changes depending on the season.
Register/Formality: Neutral.で決まる日付っていうのが結構重要だ×Meaning:
Is quite important.
Grammar:
- 結構 (kekkō): Adverb meaning 'quite', 'rather', or 'fairly'.
- 重要 (jūyō): Na-adjective meaning 'important' or 'significant'.
- だ (da): Plain form of the copula です (desu).
Usage: Used to state that something has a considerable degree of importance.
Examples:
この会議は会社にとって結構重要だ。
This meeting is quite important for the company.
健康を保つことは、結構重要なことです。
Maintaining one's health is a pretty important thing.
Register/Formality: Informal/Plain (due to だ). The polite form is 結構重要です (kekkō jūyō desu).ったわけですね。
00:03:53.000 –> 00:04:03.000
なるほど。よくわかりました。梅雨入りは実際の天気を見て決まるもの。入梅は昔からの暦の上での印×Meaning:
A mark or sign on the traditional calendar.
Grammar:
- 昔から (mukashi kara): 'Since old times', 'traditionally'.
- の (no): Possessive particle.
- 暦の上で (koyomi no ue de): 'On the calendar'.
- の (no): Possessive particle.
- 印 (shirushi): Noun meaning 'mark', 'sign', or 'symbol'.
Usage: Describes a date like 'nyūbai' as being a traditional marker on the calendar, serving as a symbolic signpost for the season.
Examples:
節分は、昔からの暦の上での冬の終わりの印です。
Setsubun is a traditional calendar mark for the end of winter.
この祭りは、昔からの暦の上での収穫の印だった。
This festival was a mark of harvest on the traditional calendar.
Register/Formality: Neutral.というか目安というわけですね。
00:04:03.000 –> 00:04:05.000
ええ、そういうことです。
00:04:05.000 –> 00:04:09.000
じゃあ、この2つが偶然×Meaning:
Coincidence; by chance; accidentally.
Grammar:
- Can be used as a noun ('a coincidence') or an adverb ('by chance').
Usage: Refers to an event that happens without planning or intention.
Examples:
駅で偶然、昔の友達に会いました。
I met an old friend at the station by chance.
彼らが同じ日に生まれたのは、ただの偶然です。
It's just a coincidence that they were born on the same day.
Register/Formality: Neutral.同じ日になるなんてことも。
00:04:09.000 –> 00:04:14.000
ああ、ええ、それはあり得ます×Meaning:
It's possible; It can happen.
Grammar:
- The masu-form of the verb あり得る (arieru), which is a compound of ある (aru, to exist) and 得る (eru, to be able to).
Usage: Used to state that something is within the realm of possibility, even if it's unlikely.
Examples:
理論的には、そういうこともあり得ます。
Theoretically, that sort of thing is possible.
彼が間違えるなんてあり得ない。
It's impossible that he would make a mistake. (The negative form is very common).
Register/Formality: Polite (-masu form).。資料にもありましたけど、2020年。
00:04:14.000 –> 00:04:15.000
うんうん。
00:04:15.000 –> 00:04:29.000
この年は入梅の日、つまり×Meaning:
In other words; that is to say; namely.
Grammar:
- An adverb used as a conjunction. It connects a statement with a following one that rephrases, summarizes, or clarifies it.
Usage: Used to introduce a more concise or clearer explanation of what was just said.
Examples:
彼は私の父の兄です。つまり、私の伯父です。
He is my father's older brother. In other words, he is my uncle.
会議は中止になった。つまり、今日はもう帰っていいということだ。
The meeting was cancelled. That is to say, we can go home for the day.
Register/Formality: Neutral.6月10日ですね。この日に中国地方×Meaning:
The Chugoku region.
Grammar:
- A proper noun. 中国 (Chūgoku) is the name of the region, and 地方 (chihō) means 'region'.
- Note: The kanji 中国 are the same as for the country China, but the context (and often the accent) makes the meaning clear.
Usage: Refers to the westernmost region of Japan's main island, Honshu. It includes Hiroshima, Okayama, Shimane, Tottori, and Yamaguchi prefectures.
Examples:
広島は中国地方にあります。
Hiroshima is in the Chugoku region.
この夏、中国地方を旅行する予定です。
I plan to travel around the Chugoku region this summer.
Register/Formality: Neutral.とか近畿地方×Meaning:
The Kinki region.
Grammar:
- A proper noun. 近畿 (Kinki) is the name of the region, and 地方 (chihō) means 'region'.
- The Kinki region is also commonly referred to as the Kansai (関西) region.
Usage: Refers to the region in the southern-central part of Japan's main island, Honshu. It includes Osaka, Kyoto, Hyogo, Nara, Mie, Shiga, and Wakayama prefectures.
Examples:
大阪は近畿地方の中心的な都市です。
Osaka is a central city in the Kinki region.
近畿地方には歴史的な場所がたくさんあります。
There are many historical places in the Kinki region.
Register/Formality: Neutral.とかいくつか、はい、いくつかの地域で気象庁が梅雨入りしましたと発表したんです。
00:04:29.000 –> 00:04:31.000
へえ、同じ日に。
00:04:31.000 –> 00:04:41.000
ええ、ただこれはもうあくまでも×Meaning:
Purely; merely; only; after all.
Grammar:
- An adverb that emphasizes that something is nothing more than what is stated, and there are no other factors or meanings.
Usage: Used to limit the scope of a statement, often to downplay its significance or to clarify a potential misunderstanding.
Examples:
私はあくまでもアドバイスをしただけです。
I was only giving advice, nothing more.
これはあくまでも私の個人的な意見です。
This is purely my personal opinion.
Register/Formality: Neutral to formal.偶然ですね。毎年変わる梅雨入りとほぼ決まった日付×Meaning:
An almost fixed date.
Grammar:
- ほぼ (hobo): Adverb meaning 'almost' or 'nearly'.
- 決まった (kimatta): Past tense of 決まる (kimaru), 'to be decided'. Used here as a modifier meaning 'fixed' or 'set'.
- 日付 (hizuke): Noun meaning 'date'.
Usage: Describes a date that is not absolutely fixed but changes very little, staying within a very narrow range.
Examples:
彼の誕生日は、ほぼ決まった日付、クリスマスの近くです。
His birthday is an almost fixed date, near Christmas.
その祭りは毎年ほぼ決まった日付に行われます。
That festival is held on almost the same date every year.
Register/Formality: Neutral.の入梅がたまたまこう重なった×Meaning:
Overlapped; coincided.
Grammar:
- The past tense (ta-form) of the verb 重なる (kasanaru), which means 'to be piled up', 'to overlap', or 'to happen at the same time'.
Usage: Can be used for physical objects overlapping or for events happening concurrently.
Examples:
二つの円が重なった部分の色を変えてください。
Please change the color of the part where the two circles overlap.
出張と家族の誕生日が重なってしまった。
My business trip and my family member's birthday ended up coinciding.
Register/Formality: Neutral.と。
00:04:41.000 –> 00:04:51.000
そういうことですか。面白い偶然ですね。では、この違いを知っていると、私たちこう日本語を学んでいる者にとってはどんな良いことがありますかね×Meaning:
What kind of good things are there?; What's the benefit?
Grammar:
- どんな (donna): 'What kind of'.
- 良いこと (ii koto): 'Good thing' or 'benefit'.
- がありますか (ga arimasu ka): 'Is there?'.
- ね (ne): Sentence-final particle used to seek confirmation or soften the question.
Usage: A conversational way to ask about the advantages or merits of something.
Examples:
このアプリを使うと、どんな良いことがありますかね。
I wonder what benefits there are to using this app.
早く起きるとどんな良いことがありますか。
What are the good things about waking up early?
Register/Formality: Polite and conversational.。
00:04:51.000 –> 00:05:08.000
そうですね。まず梅雨入り、これをニュースとかで聞けば、ああ、いよいよ本格的に×Meaning:
Fully; seriously; for real.
Grammar:
- An adverb. It is the adverbial form of the na-adjective 本格的 (honkakuteki), which means 'genuine' or 'full-scale'.
Usage: Indicates that something is starting or being done in a proper, serious, or full-fledged manner, not just as a trial or in a partial way.
Examples:
明日から本格的に勉強を始めます。
I will start studying seriously from tomorrow.
このレストランは本格的なイタリア料理が食べられます。
You can eat authentic Italian food at this restaurant.
Register/Formality: Neutral.雨の季節が始まるんだなとか、ちょっと洗濯物を付けよう×Meaning:
(Note: This phrase is grammatically unusual. The speaker likely meant 洗濯物に気を付けよう 'sentakumono ni ki o tsukeyō', meaning 'let's be careful with the laundry'.)
The literal phrase 'sentakumono o tsukeyō' is unclear; 'tsukeyō' can mean 'let's attach/apply/turn on', which doesn't fit well with 'laundry'.
Grammar:
- 洗濯物 (sentakumono): Laundry
- を (o): Object particle
- 付けよう (tsukeyō): Volitional form of 付ける (tsukeru), 'to attach'.
- The intended phrase would likely use 気を付ける (ki o tsukeru), 'to be careful'.
Usage: The intended meaning is to pay attention to laundry because of the frequent rain during the rainy season (e.g., remembering to bring it inside).
Examples:
(Example of the intended, natural phrase)
雨が降りそうだから、洗濯物に気を付けましょう。
It looks like it's going to rain, so let's be careful with the laundry.
梅雨の時期は、洗濯物を干す場所に困ります。
During the rainy season, it's hard to find a place to hang laundry.
Register/Formality: Casual (volitional form -yō).とか、傘×Meaning:
Umbrella.
Grammar:
- A noun.
Usage: A very common, everyday word.
Examples:
雨が降っているので、傘を持っていきなさい。
It's raining, so take an umbrella.
彼は傘を忘れて、雨に濡れてしまった。
He forgot his umbrella and got wet in the rain.
Register/Formality: Neutral.ちゃんと持っていこうとか、そういう日々の生活×Meaning:
Daily life; day-to-day life.
Grammar:
- A compound noun from 日々 (hibi, 'days') and 生活 (seikatsu, 'life').
Usage: Refers to the ordinary, routine activities of everyday existence.
Examples:
日々の生活の中で、小さな幸せを見つけたい。
I want to find small joys in my daily life.
適度な運動は日々の生活に大切です。
Moderate exercise is important in daily life.
Register/Formality: Neutral.に直接役立ちます×Meaning:
Is directly useful; helps directly.
Grammar:
- 直接 (chokusetsu): Adverb meaning 'directly'.
- 役立ちます (yakudachimasu): Polite (-masu) form of the verb 役立つ (yakudatsu), meaning 'to be useful' or 'to be helpful'.
Usage: Emphasizes that something is useful in a practical, immediate way, without intermediaries.
Examples:
この知識は仕事に直接役立ちます。
This knowledge is directly useful for my job.
彼の助言は問題解決に直接役立った。
His advice directly helped solve the problem.
Register/Formality: Polite (-masu form).よね。
00:05:08.000 –> 00:05:10.000
確かに実用的×Meaning:
Certainly practical; indeed useful.
Grammar:
- 確かに (tashika ni): Adverb meaning 'certainly', 'surely', 'indeed'. Used to show agreement.
- 実用的 (jitsuyōteki): Na-adjective meaning 'practical' or 'useful'.
Usage: A phrase used to agree with someone that an idea or object is practical and has real-world utility.
Examples:
この辞書は小さいですが、確かに実用的ですね。
This dictionary is small, but it is certainly practical.
A: このアプリは電車の乗り換えを調べるのに便利です。(This app is convenient for checking train transfers.)
B: 確かに実用的ですね。(Indeed, it's practical.)
Register/Formality: Polite.ですね。
00:05:10.000 –> 00:05:28.000
ええ。一方で×Meaning:
On the other hand; meanwhile.
Grammar:
- 一方 (ippō): Noun meaning 'one side' or 'one way'.
- で (de): Particle indicating context or means.
- The phrase is used as a conjunction to introduce a contrasting or different point.
Usage: A common way to pivot to a different aspect of the topic, often one that contrasts with the previous point. It is similar to 'however' or 'on the other hand'.
Examples:
兄は勉強が好きだ。一方で、弟はスポーツが好きだ。
My older brother likes studying. On the other hand, my younger brother likes sports.
この薬は効果が高い。一方で、副作用もある。
This medicine is highly effective. On the other hand, it also has side effects.
Register/Formality: Neutral. Common in both writing and speaking.、入梅という言葉を知っていると、日本のこう昔からの季節の捉え方×Meaning:
Way of perceiving; way of interpreting; perspective.
Grammar:
- A noun derived from the verb 捉える (toraeru), which means 'to catch', 'to grasp', or 'to perceive'. The -kata suffix turns a verb stem into a noun meaning 'way of doing X'.
Usage: Refers to how someone understands, interprets, or views a situation or concept.
Examples:
人によって問題の捉え方が違う。
People have different ways of perceiving the problem.
彼の芸術の捉え方はユニークだ。
His way of interpreting art is unique.
Register/Formality: Neutral.とか、文化的な背景×Meaning:
Cultural background.
Grammar:
- 文化的 (bunkateki): Na-adjective meaning 'cultural'.
- な (na): Particle connecting the na-adjective to the noun.
- 背景 (haikei): Noun meaning 'background'.
Usage: Refers to the set of cultural, historical, and social contexts that inform a tradition, word, or event.
Examples:
この習慣を理解するためには、その文化的な背景を知る必要がある。
To understand this custom, it is necessary to know its cultural background.
彼は日本の文化的な背景に詳しい。
He is knowledgeable about Japan's cultural background.
Register/Formality: Neutral.、そういうものに触れる×Meaning:
To touch; to experience; to come into contact with.
Grammar:
- The dictionary form of the verb 触れる (fureru). It takes the particle に (ni) to mark the object being touched or experienced.
Usage: While it means to physically touch, it is often used metaphorically to mean 'to touch upon a topic', 'to experience a culture', or 'to be exposed to an idea'.
Examples:
旅行で、日本の伝統文化に触れることができました。
I was able to experience traditional Japanese culture on my trip.
会議では時間の問題で、そのテーマには触れなかった。
We didn't touch upon that theme at the meeting due to time constraints.
Register/Formality: Neutral (dictionary form).ことができます。どちらも日本の季節感×Meaning:
Sense of the seasons; feeling for the seasons.
Grammar:
- A compound noun from 季節 (kisetsu, 'season') and 感 (kan, 'feeling' or 'sense').
Usage: A key concept in Japanese culture, referring to a deep appreciation and awareness of the changing seasons as expressed in food, art, events, and daily life.
Examples:
日本の和菓子は季節感を大切にしています。
Japanese sweets place great importance on the sense of the seasons.
彼の俳句には豊かな季節感がある。
His haiku have a rich sense of the seasons.
Register/Formality: Neutral.をより深く理解する×Meaning:
To understand more deeply.
Grammar:
- より (yori): Adverb meaning 'more' (used for comparisons).
- 深く (fukaku): Adverbial form of the i-adjective 深い (fukai), 'deep'.
- 理解する (rikai suru): Verb meaning 'to understand'.
Usage: A phrase used to express the goal of achieving a more profound level of comprehension, beyond a surface understanding.
Examples:
本を読むことで、歴史をより深く理解することができる。
By reading books, you can understand history more deeply.
相手の文化をより深く理解するためには、言語の学習が重要だ。
In order to understand another's culture more deeply, learning the language is important.
Register/Formality: Neutral to formal.のに役立つ面白い視点×Meaning:
Perspective; point of view.
Grammar:
- A noun.
Usage: Refers to a particular way of considering something, an angle from which to view a topic.
Examples:
新しい視点から問題を考えてみましょう。
Let's try to think about the problem from a new perspective.
この本は、歴史を経済的な視点から分析している。
This book analyzes history from an economic point of view.
Register/Formality: Neutral.じゃないかなと思いますよ。
00:05:28.000 –> 00:05:41.000
なるほどな。生活にも役立×Meaning:
Is also useful for life.
Grammar:
- 生活 (seikatsu): 'Life' or 'livelihood'.
- に (ni): Particle indicating the target of the usefulness.
- も (mo): Particle meaning 'also' or 'too'.
- 役立つ (yakudatsu): Verb meaning 'to be useful' or 'to be helpful'.
Usage: A phrase stating that something has practical benefits for one's day-to-day existence.
Examples:
このスキルは仕事だけでなく、生活にも役立つ。
This skill is not just useful for work, but also for daily life.
節約の知識は生活にも役立ちます。
Knowledge of saving money is also useful in life.
Register/Formality: Neutral (plain form).つし、文化も分かると。今日は梅雨、梅雨入り、入梅の違いを見てきました。ポイントをちょっと整理する×Meaning:
To organize; to summarize; to put in order.
Grammar:
- A verb (noun 整理 + する).
Usage: Can mean to physically tidy up (e.g., a room or desk), or to mentally organize one's thoughts, data, or the main points of a discussion. Here, it means 'to summarize'.
Examples:
旅行の前に、荷物を整理します。
I'll organize my luggage before the trip.
話が長くなったので、要点を整理しましょう。
The discussion has gotten long, so let's summarize the main points.
Register/Formality: Neutral.と、梅雨は雨が多くなる季節そのもの。
00:05:41.000 –> 00:05:42.000
そうですね。
00:05:42.000 –> 00:05:49.000
梅雨入りは実際の天気をもとに気象庁が発表して、毎年そして地域によって変わるもの。
00:05:49.000 –> 00:05:50.000
はい。
00:05:50.000 –> 00:05:59.000
そして入梅は太陽の動きから国立天文台が計算して×Meaning:
By calculating; and then calculate.
Grammar:
- The -te form of the verb 計算する (keisan suru), 'to calculate'. The -te form is used to connect sequential actions.
Usage: Indicates that calculation is one step in a sequence of actions.
Examples:
データを集めて、計算して、結果を報告します。
I will gather the data, calculate, and then report the results.
彼は値段を計算して、一番安いものを選んだ。
He calculated the prices and chose the cheapest one.
Register/Formality: Neutral.、暦の上では毎年ほぼ同じ日ということでしたね。
00:05:59.000 –> 00:06:07.000
ええ、その通りです。最後にですね、一つちょっと面白い問いかけというか考えてみてほしいこと×Meaning:
A question, or rather, something I want you to think about.
Grammar:
- 問いかけ (toikake): Noun for 'question' (often one that makes you think).
- というか (to iu ka): A colloquial phrase meaning 'or rather', 'or perhaps I should say'.
- 考えてみてほしい (kangaete mite hoshii): 'want (you) to try thinking'. (考える 'think' + みる 'try' + ほしい 'want').
- こと (koto): 'Thing' or 'matter'.
Usage: A conversational way to pose a thought-provoking question, softening it by rephrasing 'question' as 'something I'd like you to consider'.
Examples:
これは提案というか、考えてみてほしいことです。
This is a suggestion, or rather, something I'd like you to think about.
宿題というか、読んでみてほしい本があります。
It's not really homework, but there's a book I'd like you to try reading.
Register/Formality: Polite and conversational.があるんですが。
00:06:07.000 –> 00:06:08.000
お、何でしょう。
00:06:08.000 –> 00:06:20.000
実際の日々の天気の移り変わり×Meaning:
Change; transition; evolution.
Grammar:
- A noun derived from the verb 移り変わる (utsurikawaru), which means 'to change (over time)'.
Usage: Refers to a gradual change or shift from one state to another, often used for seasons, times, or trends.
Examples:
季節の移り変わりを感じます。
I feel the changing of the seasons.
時代の移り変わりは速い。
The changing of the times is fast.
Register/Formality: Neutral.で決まる梅雨入り、それと天体×Meaning:
Celestial body.
Grammar:
- A noun.
Usage: A scientific or formal term for objects in space, such as stars, planets, and comets.
Examples:
天文学者は新しい天体を発見した。
The astronomer discovered a new celestial body.
プラネタリウムで天体の動きについて学んだ。
I learned about the movements of celestial bodies at the planetarium.
Register/Formality: Formal/Technical.の規則的な動き×Meaning:
Regular movement; systematic motion.
Grammar:
- 規則的 (kisokuteki): Na-adjective meaning 'regular', 'systematic', or 'orderly'.
- な (na): Particle connecting the na-adjective to the noun.
- 動き (ugoki): Noun meaning 'movement' or 'motion'.
Usage: Describes movement that follows a predictable pattern or rule, such as the orbit of planets.
Examples:
地球の自転は規則的な動きです。
The Earth's rotation is a regular movement.
彼は毎日、規則的な生活を送っている。
He lives a regular, orderly life every day.
Register/Formality: Neutral to formal.で決まるほぼ固定された×Meaning:
Fixed; set.
Grammar:
- The past-tense form of the passive verb 固定される (kotei sareru), which means 'to be fixed' or 'to be established'. Here it functions as a modifier for the following noun.
Usage: Describes something that is set in place and does not change.
Examples:
この店の席は固定された予約制です。
The seats at this shop are by a fixed reservation system.
彼の考えは固定されていて、変えるのは難しい。
His ideas are fixed and difficult to change.
Register/Formality: Neutral.入梅。
00:06:20.000 –> 00:06:40.000
このように一つの季節の始まりを示すのに、×Meaning:
To show; in order to indicate.
Grammar:
- 示す (shimesu): Verb meaning 'to show', 'to indicate', or 'to point out'.
- のに (no ni): A particle combination that can mean 'in order to' or 'for the purpose of'.
Usage: Used to state the purpose of an action. 'For the purpose of indicating the start of the season...'.
Examples:
愛情を示すのに、言葉は必要ない時もある。
Sometimes words aren't necessary to show affection.
道を示すのに、地図を使いました。
I used a map to show the way.
Register/Formality: Neutral.二つのちょっと性質の違う×Meaning:
Of a different nature; of a different character.
Grammar:
- 性質 (seishitsu): Noun meaning 'nature', 'property', or 'character'.
- の (no): Possessive particle.
- 違う (chigau): Verb meaning 'to differ' or 'to be different'.
Usage: A phrase used to describe things that have fundamentally different characteristics or properties.
Examples:
これらは見た目は似ているが、性質の違う物質です。
These look similar, but they are substances of a different nature.
彼らは性質の違う二人だが、良い友達だ。
They are two people of different characters, but they are good friends.
Register/Formality: Neutral.アプローチがあるっていうのは、なんというか私たち人間×Meaning:
Human; human being; mankind.
Grammar:
- A noun.
Usage: The general term for a person or for humanity as a whole.
Examples:
人間は考える動物だ。
Humans are thinking animals.
すべての人間は平等であるべきだ。
All human beings should be equal.
Register/Formality: Neutral.が自然×Meaning:
Nature.
Grammar:
- A noun.
Usage: Refers to the natural world, including plants, animals, landscapes, and the forces of the earth.
Examples:
週末は自然の中でリラックスしたい。
I want to relax in nature on the weekend.
この地域は自然が豊かだ。
This area is rich in nature.
Register/Formality: Neutral.とか時間とかとどう付き合ってきた×Meaning:
How (we) have dealt with; how (we) have interacted with.
Grammar:
- 付き合う (tsukiau): Verb with multiple meanings, including 'to date someone', 'to associate with', or 'to deal with something'.
- てきた (-te kita): A grammatical pattern indicating an action that started in the past and has continued up to the present.
- どう (dō): 'How'.
Usage: In this context, it means 'how humanity has engaged with or related to' nature and time over its history.
Examples:
私たちは長年、この問題と付き合ってきた。
We have been dealing with this problem for many years.
彼は子供の頃からコンピューターと付き合ってきた。
He has been involved with computers since he was a child.
Register/Formality: Neutral.のか、その歴史みたいなものをちょっと写している×Meaning:
Reflecting; mirroring.
Grammar:
- The -te iru form of the verb 写す (utsusu), meaning 'to copy', 'to photograph', or 'to reflect'. This form indicates a continuous state.
Usage: Used metaphorically to mean that something reflects or is a mirror of a certain situation, state, or history.
Examples:
この小説は現代社会を写している。
This novel reflects modern society.
彼の目は、彼の心の状態を写していた。
His eyes were mirroring the state of his heart.
Register/Formality: Neutral.のかもしれないなぁなんて思うんですね。
00:06:40.000 –> 00:06:41.000
あなたはどう考えますか。
00:06:41.000 –> 00:06:43.000
どう考えますか?
