日本で就職×Meaning:
Finding employment, getting a job.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Can be combined with する (suru) to form a verb 就職する (shuushoku suru) 'to find employment' or 'to get a job'.
Usage: Refers to the act of securing a full-time position, especially after graduation or when seeking a career. In the context '日本で就職を目指している皆さん', it refers to people aiming to find jobs in Japan.
Examples:
彼は良い会社に就職しました。
He got a job at a good company.
多くの学生が卒業後に良い条件で就職することを望んでいます。
Many students hope to find employment with good conditions after graduation.
Register/Formality: Neutral, common in both formal and informal contexts related to employment.
Cultural Context: 'Shuushoku katsudou' (job hunting activities) is a significant period for Japanese students, involving many specific procedures and customs.を目指×Meaning:
Aiming for, striving for, trying to achieve.
Grammar:
- Verb: 目指す (mezasu) meaning 'to aim for' or 'to have as a goal'.
- Te-form + いる (iru) construction: 目指している (mezashite iru) indicates a continuous state or ongoing action of aiming.
Usage: Used when someone is actively working towards a specific goal or objective. In '就職を目指している皆さん', it means 'everyone who is aiming to find a job'.
Examples:
彼女は医者を目指しています。
She is aiming to become a doctor.
私たちは新しいプロジェクトの成功を目指して努力しています。
We are working hard, aiming for the success of the new project.
Register/Formality: Polite (due to the -imasu form implied in the continuous state).
Nuance: Implies a focused effort towards a relatively significant goal.している皆さん、今日は少し重い話題×Meaning:
Topic (of conversation), subject.
Grammar:
- Noun.
Usage: Refers to something being talked about or discussed. In '少し重い話題ですが', it means 'it's a bit of a heavy topic, but...'.
Examples:
今日の会議の話題は何ですか。
What is the topic of today's meeting?
最近、環境問題が大きな話題になっています。
Recently, environmental issues have become a big topic of discussion.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Alternatives: トピック (topikku) - a loanword from English, often used in more casual contexts or for specific discussion points.ですが、とても大切×Meaning:
Important, precious, valuable.
Grammar:
- Na-adjective. When modifying a noun directly, it takes な (na), e.g., 大切な人 (taisetsu na hito - important person).
Usage: Used to describe something that holds significant value, importance, or is cherished. In 'とても大切な文化的な概念', it means 'a very important cultural concept'.
Examples:
健康は大切です。
Health is important.
これは家族にとって大切な思い出です。
This is a precious memory for my family.
Register/Formality: Neutral to polite. Can be used in a wide range of situations.
Nuance: Often implies emotional importance as well as practical importance, similar to 大事 (daiji).な文化的×Meaning:
Cultural.
Grammar:
- Na-adjective.
- Formed by adding the suffix 的 (teki) to the noun 文化 (bunka - culture), which turns the noun into an adjective.
Usage: Pertaining to culture, or characteristic of a particular culture. In '文化的な概念', it means 'cultural concept'.
Examples:
日本には多くの文化的な祭りがあります。
Japan has many cultural festivals.
異文化を理解することは、国際交流において文化的に重要な側面です。
Understanding different cultures is a culturally important aspect in international exchange.
Register/Formality: Neutral, often used in formal, academic, or descriptive contexts.
Common Mistakes: Learners might confuse it with 文化の (bunka no), which means 'of culture' or 'culture's'. 文化的 (bunkateki) means 'cultural in nature' or 'relating to culture'.な概念×Meaning:
Concept, general idea, notion.
Grammar:
- Noun.
Usage: Refers to an abstract idea, a general understanding, or a theoretical construct. In '文化的な概念', it means 'cultural concept'.
Examples:
その概念を説明するのは難しいです。
It is difficult to explain that concept.
「自由」という概念は、文化によって解釈が異なることがあります。
The concept of 'freedom' can be interpreted differently depending on the culture.
Register/Formality: Neutral, often used in academic, philosophical, or formal discussions.
Alternatives: 考え方 (kangaekata) - way of thinking, idea (more general and less abstract).について話したいと思います。それは「ヒモ男」です。
ヒモ男とは何か？
ヒモ男という言葉は、文字通り×Meaning:
Literally, word for word, exactly as written.
Grammar:
- Adverb.
- Structure: Composed of 文字 (moji - character, letter) + 通り (toori/doori - as, in accordance with, street).
Usage: Emphasizes that something is precisely as the words or characters suggest, without metaphor or figurative meaning. In '文字通り「ヒモ」と「男」を組み合わせた言葉です', it means 'it is a word literally combining 'himo' (string) and 'otoko' (man)'.
Examples:
彼は文字通り、本に囲まれて生活している。
He literally lives surrounded by books.
そのニュースを聞いて、彼女は文字通り飛び上がって喜んだ。
Hearing that news, she literally jumped for joy.
Register/Formality: Neutral. Can be used in both spoken and written Japanese.
Nuance: While its primary meaning is strict adherence to words, like 'literally' in English, it can sometimes be used for emphasis if the situation is very close to the literal meaning.「ヒモ」（紐）と「男」を組み合わせた言葉です。ヒモは「string」や「cord」の意味ですが、なぜこの言葉が使われるのでしょうか？
答えは簡単×Meaning:
Easy, simple, brief.
Grammar:
- Na-adjective. When modifying a noun directly, it takes な (na), e.g., 簡単な問題 (kantan na mondai - an easy problem).
Usage: Describes something that is not difficult to do, understand, or is uncomplicated. In '答えは簡単です', it means 'The answer is simple'.
Examples:
この問題は簡単です。
This problem is easy.
もっと簡単な方法はありませんか。
Isn't there an easier way?
Register/Formality: Neutral. Suitable for most situations.
Alternatives: 易しい (yasashii) - easy (can also mean 'kind' when referring to people). 手軽 (tegaru) - easy, convenient (often for tasks or food).です。ヒモは一人では立っていられません。何かに結び付けられて、支え×Meaning:
Is being supported, is sustained, is propped up.
Grammar:
- Verb: 支える (sasaeru) - to support, sustain, hold up.
- Passive form: 支えられる (sasaerareru) - to be supported.
- Te-form + いる (iru) construction: 支えられている (sasaerarete iru) indicates a continuous state of being supported.
Usage: Describes a state where something or someone is receiving support, either physically or metaphorically (e.g., financially, emotionally). In '支えられている必要があります', it means 'needs to be supported'.
Examples:
この橋は太い柱で支えられています。
This bridge is supported by thick pillars.
彼女は家族や友人に精神的に支えられていると感じています。
She feels emotionally supported by her family and friends.
Register/Formality: Generally neutral, can become polite depending on the overall sentence structure (e.g., if ending with -imasu).
Nuance: Can imply dependence if the entity being supported cannot stand on its own.られている必要があります。ヒモ男も同じです。経済的×Meaning:
Economic, financial.
Grammar:
- Na-adjective.
- Formed by adding the suffix 的 (teki) to the noun 経済 (keizai - economy, finance).
Usage: Pertaining to the economy or finances. In '経済的に自立できず', it means 'cannot be economically/financially independent'.
Examples:
彼は経済的な問題を抱えています。
He has financial problems.
このプロジェクトは大きな経済的効果をもたらしました。
This project brought about a significant economic effect.
Register/Formality: Neutral, common in formal, business, and everyday contexts related to finance or economic matters.
Business Usage: Frequently used in business discussions regarding financial status, planning, economic impact, or fiscal policy.に自立×Meaning:
Independence, self-reliance, being self-supporting.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Often used with する (suru) to form the verb 自立する (jiritsu suru) - to become independent, to stand on one's own feet.
Usage: Refers to the state of being able to manage on one's own without relying on others, especially financially or in terms of decision-making. In '経済的に自立できず', it means 'cannot be economically independent'.
Examples:
彼は早く親から自立したいと思っています。
He wants to become independent from his parents soon.
若者の社会的自立を支援するプログラムが増えています。
Programs to support the social independence of young people are increasing.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Cultural Context: Achieving 'jiritsu', particularly financial independence, is an important milestone for young adults in Japan and signifies maturity.できず、女性にぶら下がって生活している男性のことを指します。
アメリカ英語では「freeloader」や「mooch」に近い意味ですが、日本では特に男性が女性に依存×Meaning:
A situation of being dependent (on someone/something).
Grammar:
- 依存 (izon): Noun - dependence, reliance.
- する (suru): Verb - to do. 依存する (izon suru) means 'to depend on' or 'to rely on'.
- している (shiteiru): Te-form of する + いる (iru), indicating a continuous state or ongoing action ('is depending').
- 状況 (joukyou): Noun - situation, circumstances.
- Structure: The phrase 依存している acts as a modifier for the noun 状況. So, '依存している状況' translates to 'a situation where (someone) is depending'.
Usage: Describes a set of circumstances where one party is reliant on another, often in a way that might be considered problematic or unhealthy. In '男性が女性に依存している状況', it refers to 'a situation where a man is dependent on a woman'.
Examples:
彼はアルコールに依存している状況から抜け出そうと努力している。
He is trying to escape the situation of being dependent on alcohol.
現在の経済は石油資源に大きく依存している状況です。
The current economy is in a situation of being heavily dependent on oil resources.
Register/Formality: Neutral to somewhat formal.
Nuance: 'Izon' itself can carry a negative connotation of unhealthy reliance, especially in social contexts.している状況×Meaning:
A situation of being dependent (on someone/something).
Grammar:
- 依存 (izon): Noun - dependence, reliance.
- する (suru): Verb - to do. 依存する (izon suru) means 'to depend on' or 'to rely on'.
- している (shiteiru): Te-form of する + いる (iru), indicating a continuous state or ongoing action ('is depending').
- 状況 (joukyou): Noun - situation, circumstances.
- Structure: The phrase 依存している acts as a modifier for the noun 状況. So, '依存している状況' translates to 'a situation where (someone) is depending'.
Usage: Describes a set of circumstances where one party is reliant on another, often in a way that might be considered problematic or unhealthy. In '男性が女性に依存している状況', it refers to 'a situation where a man is dependent on a woman'.
Examples:
彼はアルコールに依存している状況から抜け出そうと努力している。
He is trying to escape the situation of being dependent on alcohol.
現在の経済は石油資源に大きく依存している状況です。
The current economy is in a situation of being heavily dependent on oil resources.
Register/Formality: Neutral to somewhat formal.
Nuance: 'Izon' itself can carry a negative connotation of unhealthy reliance, especially in social contexts.を指すことが多いです。
ヒモ男の特徴
経済的依存
- 定職×Meaning:
Regular job, steady employment, permanent position.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Often used with the verb 就く (tsuku) as 定職に就く (teishoku ni tsuku) - to get a regular job.
Usage: Refers to a stable, full-time job that provides a consistent income, often contrasted with part-time work, temporary jobs, or unemployment. In '定職に就かない', it means 'doesn't get/have a regular job'.
Examples:
彼は大学卒業後、すぐに定職に就いた。
He got a regular job soon after graduating from university.
安定した生活のためには定職が必要です。
A steady job is necessary for a stable life.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Cultural Context: Having a 'teishoku' is highly valued in Japanese society as it signifies stability, financial independence, and social standing.に就かない、または働いても収入が少ない - 家賃×Meaning:
Rent (for a house or apartment).
Grammar:
- Noun.
Usage: The payment made periodically (usually monthly) for the use of a house, apartment, or room. In '家賃、食費、生活費を女性に頼る', '家賃' is one of the expenses the man relies on the woman for.
Examples:
毎月、家賃を払います。
I pay rent every month.
このアパートの家賃は月5万円です。
The rent for this apartment is 50,000 yen per month.
Register/Formality: Neutral. Common in everyday conversation.
Common Mistakes: Do not confuse with 地代 (jidai - land rent) or 部屋代 (heyadai - room charge, which can be similar but 'yachin' is more specific to residential leases).、食費×Meaning:
Food expenses, cost of food, grocery bill.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Structure: Composed of 食 (shoku - food) + 費 (hi - expense, cost).
Usage: Refers to the amount of money spent on food and groceries. In '家賃、食費、生活費を女性に頼る', '食費' is one of the expenses covered by the woman.
Examples:
今月の食費はいくらですか。
How much are the food expenses for this month?
食費を節約するために自炊しています。
I cook for myself (do home cooking) to save on food expenses.
Register/Formality: Neutral. Used in everyday financial discussions.
Alternatives: 食料費 (shokuryouhi) - food expenses (similar meaning, perhaps slightly more formal or comprehensive).、生活費×Meaning:
Living expenses, cost of living.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Structure: Composed of 生活 (seikatsu - life, living) + 費 (hi - expense, cost).
Usage: Refers to the general expenses required for daily life, such as food, housing, utilities, transportation, etc. In '家賃、食費、生活費を女性に頼る', '生活費' encompasses all such costs.
Examples:
都会の生活費は高いです。
The cost of living in the city is high.
彼は生活費を稼ぐためにアルバイトをしています。
He is working a part-time job to earn living expenses.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Nuance: It's a broad term. Context usually clarifies what specific expenses are included, but it generally refers to all necessary costs for maintaining one's life.を女性に頼る - 自分の趣味×Meaning:
Hobby, interest, pastime.
Grammar:
- Noun.
Usage: An activity that someone does for pleasure or relaxation in their spare time. In '自分の趣味や遊びにはお金を使う', it refers to spending money on personal hobbies.
Examples:
私の趣味は読書です。
My hobby is reading.
彼は多趣味な人です。
He is a person with many hobbies.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Cultural Context: Asking about hobbies (趣味は何ですか - shumi wa nan desu ka) is a common way to get to know someone in Japan and can be a good conversation starter.や遊び×Meaning:
Play, amusement, fun, leisure activities.
Grammar:
- Noun (derived from the verb 遊ぶ - asobu, meaning 'to play' or 'to have fun').
Usage: Refers to activities done for enjoyment, recreation, or leisure, often implying less structured or more spontaneous fun than '趣味' (hobby). In '自分の趣味や遊びにはお金を使う', it refers to spending on leisure and amusements.
Examples:
子供たちは外で遊びが好きです。
Children like playing outside.
仕事ばかりでなく、遊びも大切だ。
Not just work, but play/leisure is also important.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Nuance: Can sometimes imply more frivolous activities or 'going out' (e.g., nightlife), especially for adults, depending on the context.にはお金を使う
心理的特徴
- 責任感×Meaning:
Sense of responsibility.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Structure: Composed of 責任 (sekinin - responsibility) + 感 (kan - sense, feeling).
Usage: The personal quality or feeling of being accountable for one's actions, duties, or obligations. In '責任感が薄い', it means 'has a weak sense of responsibility'.
Examples:
彼は責任感が強い人です。
He is a person with a strong sense of responsibility.
リーダーには高い責任感が求められます。
A strong sense of responsibility is required of a leader.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Business Usage: A highly valued trait in the Japanese workplace, indicating reliability and commitment.が薄い - 将来の計画×Meaning:
Plan, project, schedule, scheme.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Often used with する (suru) to form the verb 計画する (keikaku suru) - to plan, or with 立てる (tateru) as 計画を立てる (keikaku o tateru) - to make a plan.
Usage: A set of intended actions or a proposed design for achieving something in the future. In '将来の計画を立てない', it means 'doesn't make future plans'.
Examples:
旅行の計画を立てましょう。
Let's make a plan for the trip.
その計画は詳細な検討が必要です。
That plan requires detailed examination.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Alternatives: 予定 (yotei) - schedule, plan (often for more concrete, short-term arrangements or appointments).を立てない - 言い訳×Meaning:
Excuse, pretext, justification (often with a negative connotation).
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Structure: Derived from 言う (iu - to say) + 訳 (wake - reason, meaning, excuse).
Usage: A reason or explanation given to justify a fault, offense, or failure, often perceived as insincere or inadequate. In '言い訳が上手', it means '(he) is good at making excuses'.
Examples:
言い訳しないでください。
Please don't make excuses.
彼はいつも言い訳ばかりしていて、自分の非を認めない。
He is always just making excuses and doesn't admit his fault.
Register/Formality: Neutral, generally carries a negative nuance.
Common Mistakes: Not to be confused with 謝罪 (shazai - a formal apology) or 説明 (setsumei - an explanation, which can be neutral).が上手
行動パターン
- 甘い言葉で女性を魅了×Meaning:
To fascinate, to charm, to enchant, to captivate.
Grammar:
- Verb phrase: 魅了 (miryou) is a noun meaning 'fascination' or 'charm'. Combined with する (suru - to do), it forms the verb 魅了する.
Usage: To attract and hold someone's attention or admiration very strongly, often through appealing qualities or actions. In '甘い言葉で女性を魅了する', it means 'charms women with sweet words'.
Examples:
彼女の美しい歌声は聴衆を魅了した。
Her beautiful singing voice fascinated the audience.
その俳優は多くのファンをその演技で魅了しています。
That actor captivates many fans with his performance.
Register/Formality: Neutral to slightly formal.
Nuance: Implies a strong, almost magical, captivating attraction or influence.する - 一時的×Meaning:
Temporary, provisional, for a short time.
Grammar:
- Na-adjective.
- Structure: Composed of 一時 (ichiji - one time, a moment, temporarily) + 的 (teki - suffix indicating 'like' or 'related to', making it an adjective).
Usage: Describes something that lasts or is intended to last for only a limited period, not permanent. In '一時的に働く', it means 'works temporarily'.
Examples:
これは一時的な解決策に過ぎません。
This is only a temporary solution.
その店は改装のため一時的に閉まっています。
That shop is temporarily closed for renovation.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Alternatives: 臨時の (rinji no) - temporary, special (e.g., rinji ressha - special/temporary train).に働くが、すぐにやめる - 女性の優しさや愛情を利用×Meaning:
To use, to make use of, to utilize; can also mean to exploit or take advantage of.
Grammar:
- Verb phrase: 利用 (riyou) is a noun meaning 'use' or 'utilization'. Combined with する (suru - to do), it forms the verb 利用する.
Usage: Can be neutral (to use a tool, service, or opportunity) or negative (to exploit someone's kindness or a situation for personal gain). In '女性の優しさや愛情を利用する', it has a negative connotation: 'exploits women's kindness and affection'.
Examples:
図書館をもっと利用してください。(Neutral)
Please make more use of the library.
彼は他人の弱みを利用して成功した。(Negative)
He achieved success by exploiting others' weaknesses.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Nuance: The context is crucial for determining whether 'riyou suru' is neutral or negative. The object of the verb often clarifies the nuance.する
専業主夫との違い
ここで重要な区別×Meaning:
Distinction, differentiation, discrimination (in the sense of telling things apart).
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Often used with する (suru) to form the verb 区別する (kubetsu suru) - to distinguish, to differentiate.
Usage: Refers to the act of recognizing, showing, or making a difference between two or more things. In 'ここで重要な区別があります', it means 'There is an important distinction here'.
Examples:
この二つの言葉の区別が難しいです。
It is difficult to distinguish between these two words.
善悪を区別することは大切です。
It is important to distinguish between good and evil.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Alternatives: 違い (chigai) - difference (more general). 見分け (miwake) - discernment, telling apart (often by sight).があります。専業主夫とヒモ男は全く違います。
専業主夫
- 家事×Meaning:
Housework, domestic chores.
Grammar:
- Noun.
Usage: Refers to the work done in managing a home, such as cleaning, cooking, laundry, and shopping. In '家事や育児を責任を持って行う', it means 'responsibly does housework and childcare'.
Examples:
私は週末にまとめて家事をします。
I do housework all at once on weekends.
最近は夫婦で家事を分担する家庭が増えています。
Recently, the number of families where couples share housework is increasing.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Cultural Context: The division of 'kaji' (housework) is a common topic in discussions about family roles and gender equality in Japan.や育児×Meaning:
Childcare, child-rearing, upbringing of children.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Often used with する (suru) to form the verb 育児する (ikuji suru) - to care for a child, to raise a child.
Usage: Refers to the process of caring for and raising children. In '家事や育児を責任を持って行う', it means 'responsibly does housework and childcare'.
Examples:
育児は大変ですが、とても楽しいです。
Childcare is tough, but it's very enjoyable.
彼女は育児休暇を取得して、子供の世話に専念しています。
She has taken childcare leave and is dedicating herself to looking after her child.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Alternatives: 子育て (kosodate) - child-rearing (very similar in meaning, perhaps slightly more colloquial or emphasizing the 'raising' aspect).を責任を持って行う - 夫婦間で合意×Meaning:
Agreement, consent, mutual understanding, accord.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Often used with する (suru) to form the verb 合意する (goui suru) - to agree, to consent.
Usage: A state where two or more parties have reached a common understanding or decision after discussion or negotiation. In '夫婦間で合意された役割分担', it means 'division of roles agreed upon between the husband and wife'.
Examples:
私たちはその計画に合意しました。
We agreed to that plan.
契約条件について双方の合意が得られました。
Mutual agreement was reached on the terms of the contract.
Register/Formality: Neutral to somewhat formal. Often used in legal, business, or official contexts, but also in general discussions about agreements.
Business Usage: Essential in contracts, negotiations, and decision-making processes to confirm mutual consent.された役割分担×Meaning:
Division of roles, allocation of responsibilities, sharing of tasks.
Grammar:
- Noun phrase (compound noun).
- Structure: 役割 (yakuwari - role, part) + 分担 (buntan - apportionment, sharing).
Usage: The act of dividing tasks, duties, or responsibilities among different people or groups. In '夫婦間で合意された役割分担', it refers to the 'division of roles agreed upon between the husband and wife'.
Examples:
プロジェクトチーム内で役割分担を明確にしました。
We clarified the division of roles within the project team.
家事の役割分担は家族円満の秘訣の一つです。
The division of household chores is one of the secrets to a harmonious family.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Cultural Context: Increasingly discussed in modern Japanese families regarding housework and childcare, and in workplaces for project management. - 家庭に対する貢献×Meaning:
Contribution, service (to a cause, society, etc.).
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Often used with する (suru) to form the verb 貢献する (kouken suru) - to contribute, to render services.
Usage: The act of helping to achieve something, providing something valuable, or playing a significant part in a positive outcome. In '家庭に対する貢献がある', it means 'there is a contribution to the household'.
Examples:
彼の研究は医学の発展に大きく貢献した。
His research greatly contributed to the advancement of medical science.
ボランティア活動を通じて社会に貢献したいと考えています。
I want to contribute to society through volunteer activities.
Register/Formality: Neutral to somewhat formal.
Business Usage: Often used when discussing an employee's or department's positive impact or achievements for the company.がある - 社会的に認められつつある
ヒモ男
- 家事もせず、責任も取らない
- 一方的×Meaning:
One-sided, unilateral, unilateral.
Grammar:
- Na-adjective.
- Structure: Composed of 一方 (ippou - one side, one way) + 的 (teki - suffix indicating 'like' or 'related to', making it an adjective).
Usage: Describes something that is done by, affects, or involves only one party or side, without the involvement or agreement of others. In '一方的に依存するだけ', it means 'just depends one-sidedly'.
Examples:
それは一方的な要求であり、受け入れられません。
That is a one-sided demand and cannot be accepted.
彼は話し合いもせず、一方的に契約を解除した。
He unilaterally cancelled the contract without any discussion.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Nuance: Often carries a negative connotation of being unfair, inconsiderate, or authoritarian because it lacks mutuality or consultation.に依存するだけ - 女性を利用している
- 社会的に軽蔑×Meaning:
To be despised, to be scorned, to be looked down upon.
Grammar:
- Verb phrase.
- 軽蔑 (keibetsu): Noun - contempt, scorn, disdain.
- する (suru): Verb - to do. 軽蔑する (keibetsu suru) means 'to despise' or 'to scorn'.
- される (sareru): Passive form of する, meaning 'to be done'. So, 軽蔑される means 'to be despised'.
Usage: To be viewed with strong disapproval, contempt, or disdain by others. In '社会的に軽蔑される', it means '(he) is socially despised'.
Examples:
嘘つきは人々に軽蔑されることが多い。
Liars are often despised by people.
彼の卑怯な行動は多くの同僚から軽蔑された。
His cowardly actions were scorned by many colleagues.
Register/Formality: Neutral to formal.
Nuance: A strong word indicating deep disrespect and moral condemnation from others.される
日本の労働文化との関係
日本社会では、まだまだ「男性が働いて家族を養う×Meaning:
To support (financially), to provide for, to maintain (a family); also to cultivate, to foster, to bring up (children or skills).
Grammar:
- Verb (Godan, transitive).
Usage: In the context '家族を養う' (kazoku o yashinau), it specifically means to provide the financial means and necessities of life for one's family. It can also mean to cultivate abilities or to nurture plants/animals.
Examples:
彼は家族を養うために一生懸命働いている。
He works hard to support his family.
読書は豊かな感性を養うのに役立つ。
Reading helps to cultivate a rich sensibility.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Nuance: While it can mean 'to cultivate' more broadly, in family contexts, it strongly implies financial and material support.」という伝統的×Meaning:
Traditional, conventional.
Grammar:
- Na-adjective.
- Structure: Composed of 伝統 (dentou - tradition, convention) + 的 (teki - suffix indicating 'like' or 'related to', making it an adjective).
Usage: Relating to or following customs, beliefs, or methods that have been established and passed down through generations. In '伝統的な価値観', it means 'traditional values'.
Examples:
これは日本の伝統的なお祭りです。
This is a traditional Japanese festival.
彼らは伝統的な方法で製品を丁寧に作っています。
They carefully make products using traditional methods.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Cultural Context: Often used when discussing long-standing customs, arts, social norms, or ways of thinking that characterize a culture or society.な価値観×Meaning:
Values, sense of values, value system.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Structure: Composed of 価値 (kachi - value, worth) + 観 (kan - view, outlook, perspective).
Usage: Refers to the principles, standards, or beliefs that an individual or society regards as important or desirable, guiding their behavior and judgments. In '伝統的な価値観', it means 'traditional values'.
Examples:
人それぞれ価値観が違います。
Each person has different values.
彼の価値観は私とは大きく異なるため、理解し合うのが難しい。
His values are very different from mine, so it's difficult to understand each other.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Nuance: Encompasses a person's or group's fundamental beliefs about what is good, right, important, or worthwhile in life.が強いです。そのため、ヒモ男に対する社会の目は特に厳しい×Meaning:
Strict, severe, tough, harsh, intense.
Grammar:
- I-adjective.
Usage: Describes something demanding, difficult, unsparing, or intense. It can refer to rules, people (strict), weather (severe), criticism (harsh), or competition (tough). In '社会の目は特に厳しい', it means 'society's view/judgment is particularly harsh/severe'.
Examples:
この先生の授業は学生に厳しいです。
This teacher's classes are tough on students.
今年の冬は寒さが厳しいですね。
The cold this winter is severe, isn't it?
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Common Mistakes: Can be confused with 辛い (tsurai - painful, tough emotionally/physically for oneself) or 固い (katai - hard, firm physically). 'Kibishii' often implies an external standard or judgment.ものがあります。
職場での影響
- 男性の経済力は社会的地位×Meaning:
(Social) status, position, rank.
Grammar:
- Noun.
Usage: Refers to a person's relative standing, position, or rank within a society, organization, or group, often based on factors like profession, wealth, or education. In '社会的地位と直結', it means 'directly linked to social status'.
Examples:
彼は会社で高い地位に昇進した。
He was promoted to a high position in the company.
多くの人がより高い社会的地位を求めて努力します。
Many people strive to attain a higher social status.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Cultural Context: Social status ('shakaiteki chii') can be quite significant in hierarchical aspects of Japanese society, influencing interactions and perceptions.と直結 - 「安定した仕事」への期待が高い
- 転職×Meaning:
Change of jobs, change of occupation, career change.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Often used with する (suru) to form the verb 転職する (tenshoku suru) - to change jobs.
Usage: The act of leaving one's current employment to take up a new job, often in a different company or sometimes a different field. In '転職回数が多い', it refers to 'having changed jobs many times'.
Examples:
彼はより良い条件を求めて転職した。
He changed jobs seeking better conditions.
最近は自分のキャリアアップのために転職する人が増えています。
Recently, the number of people changing jobs for their career advancement is increasing.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Cultural Context: While becoming more common, frequent job changes ('tenshoku') can still be viewed negatively by some traditional Japanese companies that value long-term loyalty, though this is evolving.回数が多いと評価が下がることも
結婚観への影響
- 女性も経済的安定を重視する傾向
- 共働き×Meaning:
Dual-income household, couple where both spouses work.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Structure: Composed of 共 (tomo - together, both, mutual) + 働き (hataraki - working, from the verb 働く - hataraku, to work).
Usage: Refers to a family or household situation where both the husband and wife are employed and earn an income. In '共働きでも男性の収入が期待される', it highlights expectations even in dual-income scenarios.
Examples:
最近は共働きの家庭が増えています。
Recently, the number of dual-income households is increasing.
共働きなので、夫婦で家事や育児を分担しています。
Since we are a dual-income couple, we share the housework and childcare.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Cultural Context: 'Tomobataraki' has become increasingly common in Japan due to economic factors and changing social norms regarding women's careers and family roles.でも男性の収入が期待される - 「結婚できない男性」というレッテルを貼られる危険性
警告サイン：こんな男性に注意！
日本で生活していく中で、ヒモ男を見分ける×Meaning:
To distinguish, to tell apart, to discern, to identify.
Grammar:
- Verb (Ichidan group, transitive).
- Structure: Compound verb from 見る (miru - to see, to look) + 分ける (wakeru - to divide, to separate).
Usage: To recognize the difference between two or more things, or to identify something or someone from others, often by careful observation. In 'ヒモ男を見分けるポイント', it means 'points for identifying/spotting a himo-otoko'.
Examples:
本物と偽物を見分けるのは難しいです。
It is difficult to distinguish the real thing from a fake.
彼は双子を正確に見分けることができます。
He can accurately tell the twins apart.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Alternatives: 区別する (kubetsu suru) - to distinguish, to differentiate (often more about conceptual differences). 識別する (shikibetsu suru) - to identify, to recognize (often more formal or technical).ポイントをお教えします：
🚩 赤信号
- 仕事の話を避ける×Meaning:
To avoid, to evade, to keep away from, to shun.
Grammar:
- Verb (Ichidan group, transitive).
Usage: To deliberately stay away from or prevent oneself from encountering someone, something, or a particular topic. In '仕事の話を避ける', it means 'avoids talk/discussion about work'.
Examples:
彼は危険な場所を避けて通りました。
He avoided dangerous places on his way.
彼女は個人的な質問を巧みに避けた。
She skillfully evaded personal questions.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Nuance: Implies intentional action to prevent contact or involvement.- 具体的な職業を言わない
- 「今度×Meaning:
This time, next time, soon, in the near future.
Grammar:
- Adverb or Noun.
Usage: Its meaning depends heavily on context. It can refer to:
1. The current occasion ('this time').
2. The next upcoming occasion ('next time').
3. A time in the near future ('soon', 'sometime').
In '「今度大きな仕事が入る」と言い続ける', '今度' likely means 'next time' or 'soon', implying a future event.
Examples:
今度の週末は何をしますか。(Next weekend)
What are you doing next weekend?
今度、一緒にお茶でもどうですか。(Sometime soon)
How about we have tea together sometime soon?
今度こそ失敗しないぞ。(This time for sure)
I won't fail this time for sure!
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Common Mistakes: Learners often struggle with the ambiguity. The surrounding conversation or situation usually clarifies the intended meaning.大きな仕事が入る」と言い続ける - フリーランスや起業家×Meaning:
Entrepreneur.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Structure: Composed of 起業 (kigyou - starting a business, enterprise) + 家 (ka - suffix indicating a person with expertise or a profession, like 'expert' or '-ist').
Usage: A person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so. In '起業家を名乗るが実態がない', it means 'claims to be an entrepreneur but there's no substance to it'.
Examples:
彼は若くして成功した起業家として知られています。
He is known as an entrepreneur who succeeded at a young age.
起業家精神を持つことは、新しいビジネスを始める上で非常に重要です。
Having an entrepreneurial spirit is very important when starting a new business.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Business Usage: A key term in business, economics, and innovation contexts.を名乗るが実態×Meaning:
Actual condition, true state, reality, substance.
Grammar:
- Noun.
Usage: The way things truly are, as opposed to how they appear, are claimed, or are imagined to be. It refers to the underlying reality or concrete facts of a situation. In '実態がない', it means 'there is no substance/reality' or 'it's not actually happening'.
Examples:
その会社の経営実態は公表されている情報とは異なっていた。
The actual state of the company's management was different from the publicly available information.
噂には聞いていたが、彼らの活動の実態は不明だ。
I had heard rumors, but the actual substance of their activities is unclear.
Register/Formality: Neutral to somewhat formal. Often used when investigating or questioning the truth behind appearances.
Nuance: Emphasizes the concrete, factual state of affairs, often implying a hidden or unacknowledged truth.がない
- お金の話
- デート代をいつも女性が払う
- 「今度返す」が口癖×Meaning:
Habitual saying, favorite phrase, catchphrase (of an individual).
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Structure: Composed of 口 (kuchi - mouth) + 癖 (kuse - habit, mannerism).
Usage: A word or phrase that a person uses frequently, often unconsciously, as part of their characteristic way of speaking. In '「今度返す」が口癖', it means ''I'll pay you back next time' is his habitual saying/catchphrase'.
Examples:
彼の口癖は「まあ、いいか」です。
His favorite phrase is 'Oh well, it's okay'.
彼女は話の途中で「ええと」と言うのが口癖だ。
She has a habit of saying 'um' in the middle of speaking.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Cultural Context: People often notice and comment on others' 'kuchiguse'. It can be endearing or annoying depending on the phrase and context. - 高額な買い物をねだる
- 生活パターン
- 昼間に自由時間が多すぎる
- ゲームやパチンコに時間を費やす×Meaning:
To spend, to expend, to waste (time, money, energy).
Grammar:
- Verb (Godan group, transitive).
Usage: To use up resources such as time, money, or effort. It can be neutral (to spend on something worthwhile) or negative (to waste on something unproductive). In '時間を費やす', it means 'spends/wastes time'. The context (games, pachinko) suggests 'wastes'.
Examples:
彼は研究に多くの時間と労力を費やした。(Neutral/Positive)
He spent a lot of time and effort on his research.
無駄なことにお金を費やすべきではない。(Negative)
You shouldn't waste money on useless things.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Nuance: The connotation (spend vs. waste) is often determined by the object or the adverbials used with it. For example, 多大な時間を費やす (tadai na jikan o tsuiyasu - spend an enormous amount of time) can be positive if the outcome is good. - 将来の具体的な計画がない
🟡 黄信号
- 転職を繰り返す×Meaning:
To repeat, to do over again, to do repeatedly.
Grammar:
- Verb (Godan group, transitive).
- Structure: Derived from 繰り (kuri - reeling, winding, repeating particle) + 返す (kaesu - to return, to do back).
Usage: To do or say something multiple times, either a specific action or a pattern of behavior. In '転職を繰り返す', it means 'repeatedly changes jobs'.
Examples:
同じ間違いを繰り返さないでください。
Please don't repeat the same mistake.
彼は何度もその話を繰り返した。
He repeated that story many times.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Alternatives: またやる (mata yaru) - to do again (more colloquial). 再び行う (futatabi okonau) - to perform again (more formal). - 親に依存している（30代以上で）
- 責任ある立場×Meaning:
Position, standpoint, situation, footing, viewpoint.
Grammar:
- Noun.
Usage: Can refer to:
1. A physical position or location.
2. A social or professional role, status, or rank ('responsible position').
3. A viewpoint or stance in an argument or discussion ('from his standpoint').
In '責任ある立場を避けたがる', it refers to 'responsible positions' or 'positions of responsibility'.
Examples:
彼の会社での立場は部長です。(Position/Rank)
His position in the company is department manager.
あなたの立場から意見を述べてください。(Standpoint/Viewpoint)
Please state your opinion from your standpoint.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Nuance: A versatile word often used metaphorically for one's role, perspective, or circumstances in a social context.を避けたがる
アメリカとの違い
アメリカでは「sugar daddy」「gold digger」など、お金目当ての関係は男女両方向に存在しますが、日本のヒモ男は少し違った特徴があります：
- より長期的な依存関係
- 結婚を餌×Meaning:
Bait (for fishing), feed (for animals), lure, enticement.
Grammar:
- Noun.
Usage: Can refer to actual food used to attract animals (e.g., for fishing or feeding pets) or, metaphorically, something attractive offered to deceive, tempt, or persuade someone into a trap or desired action. In '結婚を餌に使う', it means 'uses marriage as bait/a lure'.
Examples:
魚釣りのために餌を用意しました。(Literal: bait for fishing)
I prepared bait for fishing.
彼は甘い言葉を餌にして彼女を騙そうとした。(Metaphorical: lure)
He tried to deceive her using sweet words as bait.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Nuance: When used metaphorically, it carries a strong negative connotation of deception and manipulation.に使うことが多い - 女性の母性本能×Meaning:
Maternal instinct.
Grammar:
- Noun phrase (compound noun).
- Structure: 母性 (bosei - maternity, motherhood, motherliness) + 本能 (honnou - instinct).
Usage: Refers to the supposed natural or innate tendency of a mother to care for, nurture, and protect her offspring. It can also be used more broadly to describe a woman's nurturing or protective instincts towards others. In '女性の母性本能を利用する', it means 'exploits women's maternal instincts'.
Examples:
彼女の行動は母性本能から来ているのかもしれない。
Her actions might stem from maternal instinct.
動物にも母性本能が備わっていると言われています。
It is said that animals are also equipped with maternal instincts.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Cultural Context: The concept of 'bosei honnou' is sometimes discussed in relation to gender roles and expectations for women in Japan, though its scientific basis and social implications are subjects of debate.を利用する - 社会的批判×Meaning:
Criticism, judgment, critique, censure.
Grammar:
- Noun.
- Often used with する (suru) to form the verb 批判する (hihan suru) - to criticize, to judge.
Usage: The act of expressing disapproval of someone or something based on perceived faults or mistakes. It can range from constructive feedback to harsh condemnation. In '社会的批判がより強い', it means 'social criticism is stronger'.
Examples:
その政策は多くのメディアから厳しい批判を受けた。
That policy received harsh criticism from much of the media.
建設的な批判は成長のために必要です。
Constructive criticism is necessary for growth.
Register/Formality: Neutral to formal.
Nuance: While 'hihan' can be neutral (as in literary critique), in social contexts it often implies negative judgment or disapproval.がより強い
自分を守る方法
関係の初期段階で
- 相手の職業や収入について具体的に聞く
- デート代の支払いパターンを観察する
- 将来の目標について話し合う
交際中に
- 経済的独立を保つ
- 友人や家族の意見を聞く
- 自分の直感を信じる
危険な状況になったら
- 距離を置く
- 専門家に相談する
- 法的支援を求める（必要に応じて）
日本で成功するために
日本で働き、生活していく上で、健全×Meaning:
Healthy, sound (physically, mentally, or morally), wholesome, robust.
Grammar:
- Na-adjective. When modifying a noun directly, it takes な (na), e.g., 健全な考え (kenzen na kangae - a sound idea).
Usage: Describes a state of being in good condition, free from illness, corruption, or negative influences. It applies to physical health, mental well-being, financial stability, or moral integrity. In '健全な人間関係を築く', it means 'to build healthy human relationships'.
Examples:
健全な精神は健全な身体に宿る。 (Proverb)
A sound mind in a sound body.
子供たちの健全な育成は社会全体の責任です。
The healthy upbringing of children is the responsibility of society as a whole.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Alternatives: 健康的 (kenkouteki) - healthy (often more focused on physical health or lifestyle choices).な人間関係を築く×Meaning:
To build, to construct, to establish, to create (e.g., a building, a fortune, relationships, a reputation).
Grammar:
- Verb (Godan group, transitive).
Usage: To create or form something, often substantial or lasting, through effort over time. It can be used for physical structures (like houses, castles) as well as abstract things (like trust, relationships, a career). In '健全な人間関係を築く', it means 'to build/establish healthy human relationships'.
Examples:
彼らは新しい家を丘の上に築いた。
They built a new house on the hill.
信頼関係を築くには長い時間と努力が必要です。
It takes a long time and effort to build a relationship of trust.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Nuance: Often implies a deliberate and effortful process of creation or establishment, resulting in something solid and significant.ことは非常に重要です。ヒモ男を避けることは、あなたの日本での成功に直結します。
ポジティブな関係の特徴
- お互いの目標を支援し合う
- 経済的責任を分担する
- 将来について建設的×Meaning:
Constructive, helpful, positive (aimed at improvement).
Grammar:
- Na-adjective.
- Structure: Composed of 建設 (kensetsu - construction, building) + 的 (teki - suffix indicating 'like' or 'related to', making it an adjective).
Usage: Describes ideas, criticism, or discussions that are helpful and intended to improve something, rather than being merely negative or destructive. In '建設的に話し合える', it means 'can discuss constructively'.
Examples:
建設的なご意見をありがとうございます。
Thank you for your constructive opinions.
問題解決のためには、関係者全員による建設的な対話が必要です。
For problem-solving, constructive dialogue among all concerned parties is necessary.
Register/Formality: Neutral to formal.
Business Usage: Highly valued in meetings, feedback sessions, and collaborative projects for fostering progress and positive outcomes.に話し合える - お互いを尊重×Meaning:
To respect each other, to esteem one another.
Grammar:
- Verb phrase.
- 尊重 (sonchou): Noun - respect, esteem. 尊重する (sonchou suru) means 'to respect'.
- し合う (shiau): A verb suffix indicating reciprocal action, meaning 'to do ~ to each other'. It is formed by attaching 合う (au) to the masu-stem of a verb (e.g., 尊重し + 合う).
Usage: When two or more parties hold each other in high regard, value each other's opinions or rights, and treat each other with consideration. In 'お互いを尊重し合う', it means 'to respect each other'.
Examples:
夫婦はお互いの価値観を尊重し合うべきです。
Married couples should respect each other's values.
異なる文化を持つ人々が尊重し合って共生できる社会を目指しましょう。
Let's aim for a society where people with different cultures can respect each other and coexist.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Nuance: The 'し合う' (shiau) part explicitly emphasizes the mutuality of the respect.し合う
まとめ
ヒモ男という概念を理解することは、日本の社会構造×Meaning:
Structure, construction, framework, organization, constitution.
Grammar:
- Noun.
Usage: Refers to the way in which the parts of something are arranged or organized to form a whole. It can apply to physical objects (e.g., building structure), systems (e.g., economic structure), organizations (e.g., company structure), or abstract concepts (e.g., sentence structure, social structure). In '日本の社会構造', it means 'Japan's social structure'.
Examples:
この橋の構造は非常に複雑で、高い技術が使われています。
The structure of this bridge is very complex, and advanced technology is used.
文章の論理的な構造を分析することが読解には重要です。
Analyzing the logical structure of a text is important for reading comprehension.
Register/Formality: Neutral, can be technical or academic depending on the context.
Alternatives: 仕組み (shikumi) - mechanism, setup (often for systems or processes, implies how something works). 構成 (kousei) - composition, organization (focuses on the elements that make up something).や価値観を理解することにもつながります。あなたが日本で素晴らしい経験をし、キャリアを築いていけるよう、この知識が役立つことを願っています。
何か困った×Meaning:
Troubled, bothered, in a difficult situation, perplexed.
Grammar:
- Past tense form of the verb 困る (komaru - to be troubled, to be in difficulty, to be embarrassed).
- Often used like an adjective to describe a state or a person/situation that is causing trouble or difficulty.
Usage: Describes a state of being in trouble, facing a problem, or feeling inconvenienced or perplexed. In '何か困ったことがあれば', it means 'if you have any trouble' or 'if anything troubling/problematic happens'.
Examples:
困った時は、いつでも相談してください。
When you are in trouble, please consult me anytime.
彼はとても困った顔をして助けを求めてきた。
He came asking for help with a very troubled look on his face.
Register/Formality: Neutral.
Common Mistakes: Often used with こと (koto - thing, matter) as in 困ったこと (komatta koto - a troublesome matter/situation).ことがあれば、遠慮なく×Meaning:
Without hesitation, freely, without reserve, feel free to.
Grammar:
- Adverbial phrase.
- Structure: 遠慮 (enryo - reserve, hesitation, diffidence) + なく (naku - adverbial form of 無い (nai), meaning 'without').
Usage: An expression encouraging someone to act or speak freely without feeling the need to hold back due to politeness, shyness, or social constraints. It signals that restraint is unnecessary. In '遠慮なく相談してくださいね', it means 'please don't hesitate to consult/talk'.
Examples:
何か質問があれば、遠慮なく聞いてください。
If you have any questions, please ask without hesitation.
どうぞ、遠慮なくお好きなだけお取りください。
Please, feel free to take as much as you like.
Register/Formality: Polite when used with ください (kudasai) or in similar invitational contexts.
Cultural Context: 'Enryo' (polite restraint or hesitation) is an important concept in Japanese social interactions. 'Enryo naku' explicitly lifts this expectation, inviting open action or communication.信頼できる友人や専門機関に相談してくださいね。
この記事が日本での新生活の準備に少しでも役立てば幸いです。皆さんの日本での成功を心から応援しています！×Meaning:
I would be happy/It would be fortunate if this article is even a little helpful for preparing for your new life in Japan. I sincerely support/cheer for everyone's success in Japan!
Grammar:
- This is a two-sentence polite closing remark.
- Sentence 1: この記事が (this article) 日本での新生活の準備に (for the preparation of new life in Japan) 少しでも (even a little) 役立てば (if it is useful - conditional of 役立つ yakudatsu) 幸いです (saiwai desu - I am happy/it is fortunate).
- Sentence 2: 皆さんの (everyone's) 日本での成功を (success in Japan - object) 心から (kokoro kara - from the heart, sincerely) 応援しています (ouen shite imasu - am supporting/cheering for - continuous form of 応援する ouen suru).
- Structure: The first sentence uses a conditional clause (X-eba Y desu), meaning 'If X, then Y (I'm happy)'. The second is a standard Subject-Object-Adverb-Verb structure with an implied 'I' as the subject.
Usage: This phrase is a common and polite way to conclude an informative article, email, or message. It expresses the hope that the information provided will be beneficial to the reader and offers encouragement for their future endeavors.
Examples:
このアドバイスがあなたの問題解決に少しでも役立てば幸いです。
I hope this advice will be even a little helpful in solving your problem.
皆様の今後のご活躍を心から応援しています。
I sincerely support everyone's future success/endeavors.
Register/Formality: Polite and sincere. Appropriate for concluding written communication aimed at providing help or information.
Cultural Context: Such polite, considerate, and encouraging closings are typical in Japanese communication, reflecting a desire to be helpful and to maintain positive relations.
